零工、灵工与创客:比较视野下的青年平台就业研究  

Gig Labors,Creative Labors,and Entrepreneurs:A Study on the Youth Employment Issues in Digital Platforms from a Comparative Perspective

作　　者：吴越[1] 陈红宇 卢云峰[3] Wu Yue;Chen Hongyu;Lu Yunfeng

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学文法学部/北京社会管理研究基地 [2]重庆市发展和改革委员会 [3]北京大学社会学系

出　　处：《青年研究》2024年第6期1-13,M0002,共14页Youth Studies

基　　金：北京大学武汉人工智能研究院对本研究的资助。

摘　　要：本文对平台就业的零工、灵工和创客三种形态进行了比较分析,揭示了数字平台给青年就业带来的潜在问题。研究发现,数字平台虽能促进青年就业,但也带来了新的就业不平等问题,表现为创客受到的平台支持最多,灵工次之,零工最少。造成这种不平等的主要原因有两个方面:在技术平权方面,三种形态就业者受到平台的技术赋能水平和控制方式不同,导致就业者职业发展上的不平等;在生态共享方面,三种形态就业者与平台生态的嵌入程度不同,导致就业者收益分享和风险分担上的不平等。This article compares and analyzes three forms of platform employment:gig labors,creative labors,and entrepreneurs,to reveal the potential issues that digital platforms bring to youth employment.The study finds that although digital platforms can promote youth employment,they also bring new employment inequality issues.That is,entrepreneurs receive the most platform support,followed by creative labors,and gig labors receive the least.The main reason tor this inequality are twofold.In terms of technological equality,these three forms of employees are empowered and controlled by plaform technology at different levels,leading to inequality in career development;in terms of ecological sharing,the three forms of employees are embedded in the platform ecosystem to different extents,leading to inequality in benefit sharing and risk sharing.

关 键 词：数字平台 青年就业 技术平权 生态共享 

分 类 号：D432.6[政治法律—政治学] F249.2[政治法律—国际共产主义运动] F49[经济管理—劳动经济]