基于球心拟合的激光跟踪仪隐藏点高精度测量方法与精度分析  

Hidden point measurement method of laser tracker and precision analysis based on sphere center fitting

作　　者：丁克良 张玺 何振强[2,3] 王铜 柯志勇[2,3] 梁静 马娜[2,3] 李波 李治多[2,3,6] DING Keliang;ZHANG Xi;HE Zhenqiang;WANG Tong;KE Zhiyong;LIANG Jing;MA Na;LI Bo;LI Zhiduo(School of Geomatics and Urban Spatial Informatics,Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Beijing 102616,China;Institute of High Energy Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Spallation Neutron Source Science Center,Dongguan 523803,China;Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230000,China)

机构地区：[1]北京建筑大学测绘与城市空间信息学院,北京102616 [2]中国科学院高能物理研究所,北京100049 [3]散裂中子源科学中心,广东东莞523803 [4]中国科学院微电子研究所,北京100049 [5]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [6]中国科学技术大学国家同步辐射实验室,安徽合肥230000

出　　处：《红外与激光工程》2024年第11期121-129,共9页Infrared and Laser Engineering

基　　金：松山湖科学城散裂中子源开放基金项目(KFKT2023B01);北京建筑大学研究生创新项目(PG2024126)。

摘　　要：针对粒子加速器在高辐射区域准直过程中隐藏点测量的难题,提出了一种晃动基准杆隐藏点测量方法。该方法通过手持隐藏点测量基准杆,绕过障碍物从多角度进行测量,进行三维球心拟合,得到三维坐标。针对传统球心拟合算法初值获取困难且需要多次迭代的问题,对Kasa圆拟合算法进行拓展,提出一种新的球拟合方法,该方法在保证精度的前提下,将计算时间减少到Gauss-Newton拟合法的18.85%,不仅无需初值,还具备计算速度快、成本低的优势,实现了隐藏点的快速测量。文中对隐藏点测量基准杆的设计进行了模拟分析,模拟实验表明,基准杆长度的改变对拟合结果影响极小,精度变化仅为0.42μm;在完整球面或半球覆盖的数据采集条件下,天顶角无论怎样改变拟合结果的均方根误差均在30μm以内,满足加速器准直精度要求。在粒子加速器中进行实测实验证明,拟合结果与SpatialAnalyzer(SA)软件处理结果精度相当,为加速器隐藏点测量提供了新的思路。Objective In high-energy physics research and industrial applications,measurement tasks in particle accelerator radiation zones are rendered extremely difficult due to radiation hazards,making direct human measurement infeasible.Additionally,since accelerators are typically installed in tunnels,space constraints and obstructions often cause many measurement target points to be hidden from view.To overcome these challenges,a rod-waving measurement technique based on laser trackers has been proposed to accurately measure the position of hidden points.Methods The rod-waving measurement technique utilizes a laser tracker and a specially designed fiducial bar for hidden point measurement to perform spatial coordinate measurements.The fiducial bar for hidden point measurement is equipped with a target sphere.By waving the rod,the laser tracker acquires spatial coordinate data of the target sphere at different positions.Through spherical fitting of these data points,the three-dimensional coordinates of the hidden point can be determined.To address the issue of prolonged computation time associated with traditional spherical fitting algorithms,the algebraic spherical fitting algorithm was proposed.This new algorithm maintains accuracy while significantly reducing measurement time,thereby reducing the radiation exposure to measurement personnel.Subsequently,simulation experiments were conducted to test the impact of changing the length of the fiducial bar for hidden point measurement on fitting results,as well as the effects of varying zenith angles and spherical coverage ranges on the fitting results.Results and Discussions The proposed algebraic spherical fitting algorithm requires only 18.85%of the computation time compared to the Gauss-Newton fitting method(Tab.1).In the simulation experiments,it was found that increasing the reference rod length from 0.5 meters to 3 meters resulted in a root mean square error(RMSE)of the fitting deviation changing by only 0.42 micrometers,indicating almost no impact on the fitting re

关 键 词：激光跟踪仪 最小二乘 球拟合 基准杆 隐藏点测量 

分 类 号：P258[天文地球—测绘科学与技术]