论北周戎秩  

On the Rongzhi(戎秩)System in the Northern Zhou Dynasty

作　　者：柴芃 Chai Peng

机构地区：[1]山西大学历史文化学院

出　　处：《历史研究》2024年第8期24-46,M0003,M0004,共25页Historical Research

基　　金：2021年国家社科基金青年项目“魏晋南北朝官员位阶体系研究”(21CZS019);国家社科基金特别委托项目“大同地区碑铭所见民族融合历史研究”(21@ZH030)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：戎秩诞生于西魏大统十六年编制府兵之际,是通过在北魏军职“大都督”上增设“仪同大都督”乃至“柱国大都督”而成,故初始性质完全继承北魏军职,与散号将军不同。其后散号将军因泛阶而逐渐失效,戎秩代替散号充当官员位阶。北周建德四年改制后,戎秩名称与散号混淆,但性质仍有较大不同,表现为北周戎秩兼具军职、位阶和勋官三种功能。经过隋唐两次分化,戎秩变为卫府军职、散阶和唐代勋官三部分。西魏初制度大体沿袭北魏,与戎秩、府兵成立后的情况不同。《周书》相关记载形成较晚,往往以“后”释“前”,造成对西魏政治制度史的诸多误解。The rongzhi system dates to 550 B.C.,the time of the Western Wei and the fubing(府兵),and has its roots in ranks added above the dadudu(大都督),the Northern Wei's highest military position.As such,it traces provenance from the military positions of the Northern Wei and not the sanhao(号)system,which gradually grew more and more ineffective before ceding its place to rongzhi altogether.In the aftermath of the Northern Zhou political reform in 575 B.C.,there was confusion between rongzhi and sanhao,despite their different natures,the rongzhi included military service,ranks,and officials.It was after the two reforms in the Sui and Tang Dynasty that rongzhi was divided into these three parts.The military system of the Northern Wei influenced the early Western Wei and differed markedly from the situation following the initial establishment of rongzhi and fubing.The crux of subsequent misunderstandings follows from the Book of Zhou(周书),which was compiled later and has conflated certain elements of the political history of the Western Wei Dynasty.

关 键 词：北朝 戎秩 府兵制 官制 勋官 

分 类 号：K239.25[历史地理—历史学] D691[历史地理—中国史]