“天下之中”转移与元明清大一统演进  

The Transition of“the Center under Heaven”and the Evolution of Grand Unification during the Yuan,Ming and Qing Dynasties

作　　者：高波[1] Gao Bo

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学历史学院

出　　处：《历史研究》2024年第8期69-91,M0004,M0005,共25页Historical Research

摘　　要：唐宋以前,以洛阳为中心的河洛地区是中原王朝定都的首选区域,特别是洛阳被视为“天下之中”,而以今北京为中心的幽燕地区则为王朝边地,在唐宋时期被视为“夷狄之域”。自金元建都幽燕以来,历经明清五百余年的历史演变与思想积淀,以北京为“天下之中”的观念逐渐成型。明人强调北方为天下终始之位,而北京正在《禹贡》九州最北方。这与明中后期的军事和政治形势以及“夷夏观念”有关。清朝的北方疆域远超《禹贡》九州,其宣扬超越“夷夏之别”的大一统观念,促成了北京为“天下之中”观念的定型。元明清时期北京为“天下之中”观念的确立,是理学、经学、数术与政治诸层面不同节奏演变的合力,其根源在于元明清时期大一统自“中国一统”演进为“华夷一统”。The Heluo area,Luoyang-centered,regarded as“the center under heaven”before the Tang and Song,was the first choice for the central dynasty's capital,while the Youyan area,Beijing-centered,located on the border of the dynasty,was regarded as the“domain of barbarians”.More than 500 years of historical and ideological evolution in the Ming and Qing following the establishment of the capital in Beijing in the Jin and Yuan,however,solidified the concept of Beijing as“the center under heaven”.To the Ming,the north was the edge of the world,and Beijing was the northernmost of the Yu Gong nine provinces,in large part because of the military and political situation in the middle and late Ming and their concept of“barbarians”.The northern territory of the Qing far exceeded the Yu Gong nine provinces and sought a grand unification that transcended any concept of“barbarians”.Shaping this concept of Beijing as“the center under heaven”,ultimately being rooted in the Yuan,Ming,and Qing dynasties and owing much to the combined efforts of Neo-Confucianism,Confucian classics,mathematics,and politics.

关 键 词：元明清 北京《禹贡》 “天下之中” 大一统 

分 类 号：K23[历史地理—历史学] D691[历史地理—中国史]