海南地区2023年即食鲜切果蔬肠杆菌科细菌污染及产超广谱β-内酰胺酶菌株耐药性研究  

Contamination of Enterobacteriaceae and drug resistance of ESBLs-producing strains in readyto-eat fresh-cut fruits and vegetables in Hainan in 2023

作　　者：谢作蓉 常秀亭 朱梦 寇力丹 杨穗珊 XIE Zuorong;CHANG Xiuting;ZHU Meng;KOU Lidan;YANG Suishan(Institute of Food Testing,Hainan Academy of Inspection and Testing,Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation,Haikou,Hainan 570311,China)

机构地区：[1]海南省检验检测研究院食品检验检测中心,国家市场监管重点实验室(热带果蔬质量与安全),海南海口570311

出　　处：《中国热带医学》2024年第11期1341-1348,共8页China Tropical Medicine

基　　金：海南省自然科学基金项目(No.321QN0971),国家市场监管重点实验室(热带果蔬质量与安全)项目(No.ZZ-2023015)。

摘　　要：目的了解海南地区即食鲜切果蔬中肠杆菌科细菌的污染分布、产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(extended spectrumβlactamase,ESBLs)菌株的耐药性、耐药基因赋存情况与耐药基因分型,为即食鲜切果蔬食品卫生安全控制及耐药菌风险防控提供参考。方法2023年采集海南地区市售常见即食鲜切果蔬样品,对肠杆菌科细菌进行定量检测,通过肠道菌增菌肉汤进行增菌、ESBL显色培养基进行选择性分离培养。对获得的产ESBLs耐药肠杆菌采用VITEK 2 Compact全自动微生物鉴定系统进行鉴定和药敏测试,通过PCR检测耐药基因,并对产物进行测序以确定耐药基因型别。结果在所采集的427份即食鲜切果蔬样品中,肠杆菌科细菌污染量为1.30~6.86 lg CFU/g,从中筛选得到产ESBLs的肠杆菌主要为49株肺炎克雷伯菌(污染率11.48%,49/427)和38株大肠埃希菌(污染率8.90%,38/427)。这些菌株存在多重耐药性,其中产ESBLs肺炎克雷伯菌对氨苄西林和头孢唑啉耐药率均为100.00%(49/49);对头孢他啶、头孢曲松、头孢吡肟的耐药率分别为73.46%(36/49)、81.63%(40/49)、73.46%(36/49);对复方新诺明的耐药率则有79.59%(39/49)。产ESBLs大肠埃希菌对氨苄西林、头孢唑林、头孢他啶、头孢曲松、头孢吡肟均表现为100%耐药(38/38),对复方新诺明的耐药率则有52.63%(20/38)。耐药基因检测结果显示,β-内酰胺类耐药基因blaCTX-M、磺胺类耐药基因sulII和的可移动元件整合酶基因intI在产ESBLs肺炎克雷伯菌和大肠埃希菌中的检出率分别为57.14%(28/49)和84.21%(32/38)、75.51%(37/49)和68.42%(26/38)、91.84%(45/49)和86.84%(33/38)。β-内酰胺类耐药基因型为CTX-M-1、CTX-M-9和TEM-1,未检测出CTX-M-2、CTX-M-8、CTX-M-25及SHV型。结论2023年海南地区即食鲜切果蔬受产ESBLs肠杆菌科细菌污染,且产ESBLs肺炎克雷伯菌和大肠埃希菌分离株多重耐药情况较为普遍,耐药基因水平转移风险较高,建议对“环境-食品Objective To understand the contamination characteristics of Enterobacteriaceae,and the drug resistance,related drug resistance genes and genotypes of ESBLs-producing strains in ready-to-eat fresh-cut fruits and vegetables,so as to provide references not only for food safety of ready-to-eat fresh-cut fruits and vegetables,but also for the risk prevention and control of drug-resistant bacteria.Methods In 2023,Common fresh-cut fruits and vegetables samples were collected from markets in Hainan.Quantitative detection of Enterobacteriaceae bacteria was performed,with enrichment in enteric bacterial enrichment broth and selective isolation using ESBL chromogenic medium.ESBLs-producing antibiotic-resistant Enterobacteriaceae strains were then identified and their drug resistance to antibiotics was analyzed using VITEK 2 Compact automatic microbial identification system.The related drug-resistant genes were detected by PCR,the PCR-positive products were sequenced to determine the resistance genotypes.Results Among the 427 samples of ready-to-eat fresh-cut fruits and vegetables collected,the contamination levels of Enterobacteriaceae ranged from 1.30 to 6.86 lg CFU/g.Forty-nine strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae(contamination rate 11.48%,49/427)and thirty-eight strains of Escherichia coli(contamination rate 8.90%,38/427)were identified as ESBLs producers.These ESBLs-producing strains showed multiple drug resistance,with ESBLs-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae showing a 100.00%resistance rate to ampicillin and cefazolin(49/49);resistance rates to ceftazidime,ceftriaxone,and cefepime were 73.46%(36/49),81.63%(40/49),and 73.46%(36/49),respectively;the resistance rate to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was 79.59%(39/49).ESBLs-producing E.coli strains have 100%resistance to ampicillin,cefazolin,ceftazidime,ceftriaxone,and cefepime(38/38),with a resistance rate of 52.63%(20/38)to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.Detection of resistance genes revealed that theβ-lactam resistance gene blaCTX-M,the sulfonamide resistance gene sulII,and t

关 键 词：即食鲜切果蔬 肠杆菌科细菌 超广谱β-内酰胺酶 抗菌药物耐药基因 海南 

分 类 号：R155.5[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]