从周公与孔子思想的差别谈儒家思想的起源  

The Origins of Confucianism from the Difference Between the Thought of Duke Zhou and that of Confucius

作　　者：谌中和 CHEN Zhonghe(School of Marxism,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学马克思主义学院,上海200433

出　　处：《云梦学刊》2024年第6期36-45,共10页Journal of Yunmeng

摘　　要：作为中国文明伦理化时代的开启者,周公是在贵族庄园经济这一特定历史条件下展开其政治伦理思考的,周公“族国一体”的伦理化思想虽然有一定的民本主义色彩,但主要为特定“天命”家族的世袭统治提供辩护。春秋战国时期家庭经济时代的到来是中国文明真正的数千年未有之大变局,正是这一变局催生了孔子的全新政治伦理思考。孔子主张把家庭生活的伦理原则提升为社会生活的意识形态,强调君主应该用父亲管理家庭的方式来管理国家。孔子的思考奠定了中国后世家庭伦理社会的基本伦理格局,他由此而成为中国文明的至圣先师、万世师表。对周、孔思想的这种讨论表明,家庭经济时代的到来才是孔子儒家思想的真正时代根源。As the initiator of the ethical era of Chinese civilization,Duke Zhou developed his political-ethical thinking under the specific historical conditions of aristocratic estate economy.Although the idea of the“unity of the clan and the state”of Duke Zhou had a certain folk-oriented color,it was mainly a defense of the hereditary rule of a specific“Mandate of Heaven”family.The arrival of the family economy in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods was a real“great change not seen in thousands of years”for Chinese civilization,and it was this change that gave birth to Confucius’brand-new thinking on political ethics.Confucius advocated that the ethical principles of family life should be elevated to the level of an ideology of social life,and emphasized that the monarch should manage the state in the same way as the father manages the family.Confucius’thinking laid down the basic ethical pattern of Chinese later family-ethical society,and he thus became the supreme sage of Chinese civilization and the teacher of all generations.This discussion of the thinking of Zhou and Confucius suggests that the advent of the age of the family economy was the true root of times of Confucianism.

关 键 词：周公 孔子 技术化 伦理化 

分 类 号：B222[哲学宗教—中国哲学]