钝化剂与叶面阻控剂及其联合施用对镉污染农田的安全利用效果  

Safe Utilization Effect of Passivator,Foliar Inhibitor,and Their Combined Application on Cadmium-contaminated Farmland

作　　者：王晓晶 张东明 赵少婷 苏琪 吕家珑[1] 代允超[1] WANG Xiao-jing;ZHANG Dong-ming;ZHAO Shao-ting;SU Qi;LÜJia-long;DAI Yun-chao(Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,College of Resources and Environment,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;Xian Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Xian 710000,China;Xian Baqiao District Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Technology Promotion Center,Xian 710038,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,农业农村部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室,杨凌712100 [2]西安市农业技术推广中心,西安710000 [3]西安市灞桥区畜牧兽医技术推广中心,西安710038

出　　处：《环境科学》2024年第12期7237-7244,共8页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1700102);陕西省农业关键核心技术攻关项目(2023NYGG011);陕西省农业科技创新驱动项目(NYKJ-2022-YL(XN)39);陕西省农业协同创新与推广联盟重大科技项目(LMZD202106)。

摘　　要：为探究钝化剂与叶面阻控剂及其复合对镉(Cd)污染农田的影响,实现安全利用类耕地的安全生产,选取椰果壳生物炭、钙镁磷肥为土壤钝化剂,叶面硒肥为叶面阻控剂,通过小麦-玉米轮作试验,筛选出最佳的组合.结果表明:(1)通过钝化剂的施加,能不同程度地提高土壤p H值、有机质含量和CEC.(2)施用钝化剂和叶面阻控剂后,小麦和玉米的籽粒产量均有不同程度的提高.(3)各处理均可降低土壤有效态Cd含量,玉米季BFL处理(生物炭1800 kg·hm^(-2)+钙镁磷肥600 kg·hm^(-2)+叶面阻控剂3 L·hm^(-2))效果最佳,较CK显著降低了13.85%;小麦季BF处理(生物炭1800 kg·hm^(-2)+钙镁磷肥600 kg·hm^(-2))效果最佳,较CK显著降低了11.21%.(4)BF处理(生物炭1800 kg·hm^(-2)+钙镁磷肥600 kg·hm^(-2))对玉米和小麦根系、秸秆和籽粒Cd含量降低效果最佳,降低小麦和玉米根系Cd含量20.55%和27.81%、秸秆Cd含量11.39%和13.70%、籽粒Cd含量48.97%和50.44%.因此综合考虑各项指标,钝化剂联合叶面阻控剂,尤其是生物炭联合钙镁磷肥(BF)、生物炭和钙镁磷肥联合叶面阻控剂(BFL)能更有效地降低玉米和小麦对Cd的吸收转运和富集,可在安全利用类耕地上推广应用.This study sought to explore the effects of passivator,leaf inhibitor,and their combination on cadmium(Cd)-contaminated farmland and to realize the safe utilization of cultivated land.Coconut shell biochar and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer were selected as soil passivators and foliar selenium fertilizer was used as a foliar inhibitor.The best combination was selected through a wheat-maize rotation experiment.The results showed that:①The soil pH,organic matter content,and CEC could be improved to varying degrees by the application of passivators.②The grain yield of wheat and maize increased to different degrees after the application of the passivator and foliar inhibitor.③The BFL treatment(biochar 1800 kg·hm^(-2)+calcium magnesium phosphate 600 kg hm^(-2)+foliar inhibitor 3 L·hm^(-2))during the maize season had the best effect,which was significantly lower than that in CK by 13.85%.The effect of the BF treatment(biochar 1800 kg·hm^(-2)+calcium magnesium phosphate 600 kg·hm^(-2))in wheat season was the best,which was significantly reduced by 11.21%compared with that in CK.④The BF treatment(biochar 1800 kg·hm^(-2)+calcium magnesium phosphate 600 kg·hm^(-2))had the best effect on reducing Cd content in roots,straws,and grains of maize and wheat,reducing Cd content in roots of wheat and maize by 20.55%and 27.81%,Cd content in straws by 11.39%and 13.70%,and Cd content in grains by 48.97%and 50.44%,respectively.Therefore,considering all the indexes,the combination of passivators and foliar inhibitor,especially biochar combined with calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and biochar and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer combined with foliar inhibitor,could more effectively reduce the absorption,transport,and enrichment of Cd in maize and wheat and could be popularized and applied in safe use cultivated land.

关 键 词：钝化剂 叶面阻控剂 镉污染农田 玉米小麦轮作 安全利用 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]