塑料中高关注物质(SVHCs)的赋存分布、物质流及环境释放研究进展  

Progress in the Study of Occurrence,Distribution,Material Flows,and Environmental Release of Substances of Very High Concern(SVHCs)in Plastics

作　　者：刘俊宙 陈嘉喆 景侨楠 张少轩 陈安娜 陆蓉静 刘建国[1,2] LIU Jun-zhou;CHEN Jia-zhe;JING Qiao-nan;ZHANG Shao-xuan;CHEN An-na;LU Rong-jing;LIU Jian-guo(State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control,College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;Institute of Carbon Neutrality,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学环境科学与工程学院,环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室,北京100871 [2]北京大学碳中和研究院,北京100871

出　　处：《环境科学》2024年第12期7253-7261,共9页Environmental Science

基　　金：环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室(北京大学)专项(23Y03ESPCP)。

摘　　要：各类塑料制品中广泛分布的塑料添加剂赋予塑料以阻燃、增塑和抗氧化等优异功能,但其中已有100多种因其潜在的环境和健康危害性被列入欧盟高关注物质(SVHCs)候选清单.以上SVHCs普遍分布在各类塑料及各行业产品中,比较集中分布在PVC和PUR等类塑料和包装、汽车、建材、电子电器和纺织等行业中.在不同功能的SVHCs中,增塑剂和阻燃剂用量最高,品类相对集中,一直是国内外化学品风险评估和风险管理关注的重点.现有研究已建立起塑料制品中SVHCs物质流分析方法,揭示出PBDEs、HBCD和PAEs等典型阻燃剂和增塑剂类SVHCs在塑料制品全生命周期普遍存在的环境和健康风险;大量SVHCs随塑料产品寿命终结进入废物阶段,揭示了各类含SVHCs塑料废物环境无害化管理的重要性.除在产品使用周期发生的环境释放外,各种形式的塑料释放所产生的塑料碎片,构成了环境中各种SVHCs的长期释放源,对生态环境和人体健康造成持久威胁.未来亟需重视各类塑料制品中大量潜在有害化学品的识别及其全生命周期环境释放与风险评估研究,尤其包括塑料中有害化学品排放系数测算、动态物质流分析方法的优化,以及塑料释放途径有害化学品释放机制研究等.Plastic additives provide plastics with excellent functions such as plasticizing,flame retardant,and antioxidant properties and are widely used in various plastics.Of these,189 plastic additives have been included in the European Unions Candidate List of substances of very high concern(SVHCs)due to their potential environmental and health risks.These SVHCs are mainly used in PVC,PUR,and PE plastics and in the packaging,automotive,construction,electronic and electrical equipment,and textile sectors.Plasticizers and flame retardants are the most widely used and therefore the focus of SVHC risk assessment and risk management.Existing studies have carried out material flow analysis(MFA)for SVHCs in plastics,revealing the environmental and health risks of typical flame retardants and plasticizers throughout the product life cycle,such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs),hexabromocyclododecane(HBCD),and phthalic acid esters(PAEs).A large amount of SVHCs enter waste streams at the end of the product life cycle,highlighting the importance of strengthening waste management for SVHCs risk management.In addition to the release of SVHCs from plastic products into the environment,plastic leakage is another important source of environmental release of SVHCs.Plastic debris that have been in the environment for a long time continue to release SVHCs and pose a longterm threat to the ecosystem and human health.In the future potentially hazardous chemicals must be crucially identified in different types of plastics and to assess their environmental release during their life cycle,in particular by establishing a database on hazardous chemicals in plastics and measuring emission factors,optimizing dynamic material flow analysis(d-MFA),as well as studying the release mechanisms of hazardous chemicals from plastic leakage.

关 键 词：塑料中化学品 高关注物质(SVHCs) 赋存与分布 物质流分析(MFA) 环境释放 

分 类 号：X131[环境科学与工程—环境科学]