不同复垦措施下土壤微生物群落的响应及组装过程  

Response and Assembly Process of Soil Microbial Communities Under Different Reclamation Measures

作　　者：李子旭 李建华 张强[2] 卢晋晶 郜春花 靳东升 徐明岗 LI Zi-xu;LI Jian-hua;ZHANG Qiang;LU Jin-jing;GAO Chun-hua;JIN Dong-sheng;XU Ming-gang(College of Resources and Environment,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030800,China;Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Nutrient Resources,Institute of Eco-environment and Industrial Technology,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taiyuan 030031,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学资源与环境学院,太谷030800 [2]山西农业大学生态环境产业技术研究院,土壤环境与养分资源山西省重点实验室,太原030031

出　　处：《环境科学》2024年第12期7326-7336,共11页Environmental Science

基　　金：山西省自然科学基金项目(202103021224137);山西省科技重大专项计划项目(202201140601028);山西农大博士科研启动项目(2021BQ48)。

摘　　要：复垦对恢复矿区土壤生态功能极为重要,但不同复垦措施下土壤生态功能重建的微生物学机制尚不清晰.厘清不同复垦措施下土壤细菌、真菌群落特征、组装过程及其与理化性质的关系,对重塑矿区土壤生态稳定性至关重要.采用宏基因组测序技术并结合零模型,分析复垦自然恢复区(LH)和复垦农田区(MM)土壤微生物多样性、群落组成、网络结构及群落组装过程的差异.结果表明:①与LH处理相比,MM处理显著提高了土壤养分含量,全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)、有效磷(AP)和速效钾(AK)含量分别提高了34.70%、72.72%、468.98%和45.74%(P<0.05).②LH处理和MM处理下细菌和真菌的优势菌群均未发生变化,但细菌优势菌群落丰度发生显著变化.与LH处理相比,MM处理酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)相对丰度显著增加5.4%,念珠菌门(Candidatus Rokubacteria)相对丰度显著降低235.72%,不同复垦措施下细菌与真菌群落指示微生物发生改变(P<0.05).③与LH处理相比,MM处理细菌网络复杂性增强,真菌网络复杂性降低,MM处理土壤细菌节点数、连接数均增加.LH处理的关键类群为念珠菌门和浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes),MM处理的关键类群为变形菌门(Proteobacteria).真菌的关键类群均为子囊菌门(Ascomycota).④确定性过程主导了细菌和真菌群落的组装,LH处理细菌群落组装以同质性选择贡献最大,MM处理以异质性选择贡献最大;真菌群落均以异质性选择为主.这些结果为采煤沉陷复垦区土壤微生物群落结构及生态功能恢复提供了新见解.Reclamation is essential for restoring the ecological function of soil in mining areas.However,the microbiological mechanism of soil ecological function reconstruction under different reclamation measures still needs to be clarified.Clarifying the characteristics of soil bacterial and fungal communities,assembly mechanisms,and their relationship with physicochemical properties under different reclamation measures is crucial for reshaping the ecological stability of soil in mining areas.Metagenomic sequencing technology was combined with the null model and neutral model to analyze the differences in soil microbial diversity,community composition,network structure,and community assembly process between the reclaimed natural recovery area(LH)and the reclamation fertilization area(MM).The results suggested that:①Compared with that in the LH treatment,the MM treatment significantly increased the soil nutrient content,and the total nitrogen(TN),total phosphorus(TP),available phosphorus(AP),and available potassium(AK)contents increased by 34.70%,72.72%,468.98%,and 45.74%,respectively(P<0.05).②The dominant bacterial and fungal communities did not change under the LH and MM treatments;however,the abundance of bacterial communities changed significantly.Compared with that in the LH treatment,the relative abundance of Acidobacteria increased significantly by 5.4%in the MM treatment,while the relative abundance of Candidatus Rokubacteria decreased significantly by 235.72%(P<0.05).Under different reclamation measures,the indicator microorganisms of bacterial and fungal communities changed.③Compared with that in the LH treatment,the MM treatment increased the complexity of bacterial networks,decreased the complexity of fungal networks,and increased the number of soil bacterial nodes and links.The reclamation measures transformed the key bacterial groups from Proteobacteria to Candidatus Rokubacteria and Planctomycetes.The key group of fungi was Ascomycota.④The deterministic process dominated the assembly of bacterial a

关 键 词：矿区复垦 组装过程 微生物群落 共现网络 土壤微生物多样性 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]