不同施肥对云贵高原黄壤细菌群落及柑橘品质的影响  

Effects of Different Fertilization Treatments on Bacterial Community and Citrus Qualityin Yellow Soils of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau

作　　者：余高 赵仕龙 冯顺梅 孙约兵 陈芬 YU Gao;ZHAO Shi-long;FENG Shun-mei;SUN Yue-bing;CHEN Fen(Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization in the Fanjing Mountain Region,Tongren University,Tongren 554300,China;Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Safe-Product,Tianjin 300191,China)

机构地区：[1]铜仁学院贵州省梵净山地区生物多样性保护与利用重点实验室,铜仁554300 [2]农业农村部产地环境污染防控重点实验室,天津市农业环境与农产品安全重点实验室,天津300191

出　　处：《环境科学》2024年第12期7337-7349,共13页Environmental Science

基　　金：贵州省梵净山地区生物多样性保护与利用重点实验室项目(黔科合平台人才[2020]2003);铜仁市科技局项目(铜市科研[2022]65号);国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202210665034)。

摘　　要：为探明不同施肥下柑橘产量和品质提升的内在驱动机制,采用田间试验,研究了生物炭(SW)、有机肥(YJ)、农家肥(NJ)和化肥(HF),以不施肥作为对照(CK)对云贵高原黄壤区柑橘园土壤理化性质、细菌群落结构及柑橘产量和品质的影响.结果表明,较CK处理,不同施肥处理下柑橘产量、单果重、可食率、果汁率、维生素C含量和可溶性固形物含量等指标均提高,可滴定酸含量则有所降低,进而提高了固酸比,其中以SW处理效果最显著. SW和YJ处理显著提高了土壤pH值,HF处理则相反,不同施肥处理均能提高土壤有机质(SOM)、水解氮(AN)、有效磷(AP)和速效钾(AK)含量,其中,SW处理对AN、AP和AK含量的提升作用最明显,YJ处理对SOM含量的提升作用最明显.不同施肥处理均显著影响了土壤细菌群落多样性和群落结构,其中,SW处理显著提高了土壤Chao1指数、Observed species指数和Shannon指数,优化了土壤细菌群落结构,使细菌共生网络变得简单而稳定;HF处理则显著降低了土壤Chao1指数、Observed species指数和Simpson指数,且对细菌群落结构的影响较小.冗余分析(RDA)表明,土壤理化指标AK(96.47%)、细菌群落多样性Chao1指数(73.80%)和细菌群落Chujaibacter(55.92%)是提升柑橘产量和品质的主控因子.方差分解分析(VPA)表明,对柑橘产量和品质提升最大的贡献因子为土壤细菌群落结构(17.00%).综上,施肥能够有效改善土壤理化性质,提升土壤养分供应水平,优化细菌群落结构,提高柑橘产量和品质,其中,生物炭可优先作为云贵高原黄壤区柑橘园土壤培肥改良肥料.To investigate the intrinsic driving mechanism of citrus yield and quality enhancement under different fertilizer applications,a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of biochar(SW),organic fertilizer(YJ),farmyard manure(NJ),chemical fertilizer(HF),and no fertilizer as the control(CK)on soil physical and chemical properties,bacterial community characteristics,and citrus quality of citrus orchards in the yellow soil area of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau.The results showed that compared with those in the CK treatment,the yield,single fruit weight,edible rate,juice rate,vitamin C content,and soluble solids of citrus increased under the different fertilization treatments.In contrast,the titratable acid content of citrus decreased,resulting in an increase in the solid-acid ratio of citrus.Among the different fertilization treatments,the most significant effective treatment was SW.The SW and YJ treatments significantly increased the soil pH value,while the HF treatment decreased soil pH.Different fertilization treatments could increase the contents of soil organic matter,hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium.The SW treatment exhibited the most obvious effect on the contents of soil hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium.The YJ treatment exhibited the most obvious effect on the soil organic matter content.The different fertilization treatments significantly affected soil bacterial community diversity and community structure,among which the SW treatment significantly increased the soil Chao1 index,observed species index,and Shannon index;optimized soil bacterial community structure;and made the bacterial symbiotic network simple and stable.By contrast,the HF treatment significantly decreased the soil Chao1 index,observed species index,and Simpson index and had less effect on bacterial community structure.Redundancy analysis showed that soil available potassium(96.47%),Chao1 index(73.80%),and Chujaibacter(55.92%)were the key factors in improving citrus yi

关 键 词：施肥 黄壤 柑橘产量和品质 养分特征 细菌多样性 细菌群落结构 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]