配施硝化抑制剂对增氧灌溉稻田土壤氮素变化动态及微生物群落结构的影响  

Effect of Nitrification Inhibitors on Soil Nitrogen Dynamics and Microbial Community Structure in Aerated Paddy Field

作　　者：陈书融 朱练峰[1] 秦碧蓉 王婕 田文昊 朱春权 曹小闯[1] 孔亚丽 张均华[1] 金千瑜[1] CHEN Shu-rong;ZHU Lian-feng;QIN Bi-rong;WANG Jie;TIAN Wen-hao;ZHU Chun-quan;CAO Xiao-chuang;KONG Ya-li;ZHANGJun-hua;JIN Qian-yu(Research and Development Center for Rice Farming Technology,China National Rice Research Institute,Hangzhou 311401,China;College of Agriculture,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水稻研究所稻作技术研究与发展中心,杭州311401 [2]贵州大学农学院,贵阳550025

出　　处：《环境科学》2024年第12期7368-7377,共10页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31771733);浙江省水稻新品种选育重大科技专项(2021C02063-3)。

摘　　要：为探讨配施硝化抑制剂对增氧灌溉稻田土壤的氮素变化动态和生物群落的影响,以中浙优8号为材料,设常规淹水灌溉(CF)、微纳米气泡水增氧灌溉(MB)和微纳米气泡水增氧灌溉下配施硝化抑制剂(MBNI)这3个处理.研究配施硝化抑制剂对增氧灌溉稻田土壤NH_(4)^(+)-N、NO_(3)^(-)-N含量、表观硝化率的影响以及细菌群落多样性特征及其与土壤化学性质的相关性.结果表明,增氧灌溉处理(MB和MBNI)较淹水灌溉处理(CF)增加了灌溉水溶解氧浓度、提高了土壤pH和氧化还原电位(Eh),显著提高土壤NH_(4)^(+)-N含量.MBNI处理与MB处理相比,土壤pH升高,且在施入氮源后短时间内降低NH_(4)^(+)-N含量,增加土壤后期NO_(3)^(-)-N含量;增氧灌溉处理(MB和MBNI)较淹水灌溉处理(CF)能够提高土壤细菌多样性和丰富度,显著增加了Proteobacteria(变形菌门)、Nitrospirota(硝化螺旋菌门)的相对丰度、降低了Bacteroidota(拟杆菌门)的相对丰度,而MBNI处理较MB处理降低其多样性和丰富度,显著抑制了Nitrospirota的相对丰度.相关性分析表明,土壤化学性质与细菌群落结构显著相关.综上,增氧灌溉下配施硝化抑制剂能能够提高土壤供氮能力,提高土壤无机氮含量,改善土壤化学性质,影响微生物群落多样性和丰富度从而优化微生物群落结构.The aim of this study was to clarify the effects of nitrification inhibitors on the dynamic changes in the nitrogen and microbial community in paddy soil under aerated irrigation by using the indica hybrid rice Zhongzheyou 8 as experimental material.A trial with three treatments was conducted in 2023:conventional flooding irrigation(CF),micronano bubble water aeration irrigation(MB),and micro-nano bubble water aeration irrigation combined with nitrification inhibitor(MBNI).The effects of nitrification inhibitors on the contents of NH_(4)^(+)-N and NO_(3)^(-)-N and the apparent nitrification rate of soil under aerated irrigation were analyzed,as well as the characteristics of bacterial community diversity and its correlation with soil chemical factors.The results showed that compared with those in the CF treatment,the MB and MBNI treatment significantly increased the dissolved oxygen concentration,oxidation-reduction potential,pH,and soil NH_(4)^(+)-N content.Compared with that under the MB treatment,the MBNI treatment increased soil pH,reduced NH_(4)^(+)-N content in a short time after nitrogen fertilizer application,and later increased NO_(3)^(-)-N content.Compared with that in the CF treatment,the MB and MBNI treatments could increase the diversity and richness of soil bacteria,while the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Nitrospirota significantly increased,and the relative abundance of Bacteroidota decreased.The MBNI treatment reduced the diversity and richness of bacteria compared with that in the MB treatment and significantly decreased the relative abundance of Nitrospirota.Correlation analysis showed that soil chemical properties were significantly correlated with bacterial community structure.In conclusion,the combined application of nitrification inhibitors under aerated irrigation can improve soil nitrogen supply capacity,increase soil inorganic nitrogen content,improve soil chemical properties,and affect microbial community diversity and richness to optimize microbial community structure.

关 键 词：水稻 增氧灌溉 硝化抑制剂 无机氮动态变化 微生物多样性和群落结构 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X53