基于地理探测器的耕地土壤肥力及影响因子  

Soil Fertility and Influencing Factors of Cultivated Land Based on the Geodetecto

作　　者：王翔宇[1,2,3] 张学霞 胡韵哲[1,2,3] 穆微 方华军 WANG Xiang-yu;ZHANG Xue-xia;HU Yun-zhe;MU Wei;FANG Hua-jun(School of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;The Zhongke-Jian Institute for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Jian 343100,China;Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling,Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083 [2]中科吉安生态环境研究院,吉安343100 [3]北京林业大学水土保持国家林业和草原局重点实验室,北京100083 [4]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态系统观测与模拟重点实验室,北京100101

出　　处：《环境科学》2024年第12期7378-7389,共12页Environmental Science

基　　金：中科吉安生态环境研究院院长基金项目(ZJIEES-2023-01)。

摘　　要：以江西省泰和县为研究区,揭示县域尺度农田土壤肥力状况及影响因子.基于206个农田土壤采样实验数据,运用经典统计学、地统计学和地理探测器等方法对土壤肥力质量进行分析,并探讨其主要影响因子.结果表明:①泰和县土壤pH平均为4.87,是偏酸性土壤,97.39%的样点阳离子交换量(CEC)为四级和五级,电导率(EC)等级集中在二级,63.48%的有机质(SOC)含量处于中等水平,73.92%的ω[总氮(TN)]大于1.5 g·kg^(-1),72.17%的ω[总磷(TP)]小于0.6 g·kg^(-1),有效磷(AP)含量处于高等水平,大于20 mg·kg^(-1)的样点占比为86.09%.研究区土壤保肥能力差,土壤处于轻盐化和中盐化,缺少有机质和全磷.pH、EC、AP、SOC、TN和TP块金效应值分别为0.17、0.21、0.18、0.52、0.45和0.59.土壤pH、EC和AP空间相关性较强,土壤SOC、TN和TP具有中等程度的空间相关性.泰和县土壤肥力空间变异受结构性因素(地形、气候、土壤类型)和随机性因素(施肥、耕作方式、土壤污染等)的共同影响.②农田土壤肥力权重系数结果为:TN(0.210)、SOC(0.195)、EC(0.190)、CEC(0.171)、TP(0.170)、AP(0.117)和pH(-0.053),土壤TN、SOC和EC是影响研究区域农田土壤肥力的关键指标.土壤肥力质量综合得分分级结果表明,研究区域大部分土壤肥力质量等级为三级,上模乡的土壤肥力较肥沃,土壤肥力质量等级为二级,沿溪镇土壤肥力较贫瘠,土壤肥力质量等级为四级;③畜禽养殖场(X_(54))、土壤pH(X_(31))、土壤质地(X_(32))、年均气温(X_(21))和地表起伏度(X_(14))是影响农田土壤肥力主要影响因子;各因子交互作用解释力均大于单因子作用解释力,表现为双因子增强和非线性协同作用2种类型,农田土壤肥力是多个影响因素共同作用的结果.研究结果揭示了研究区土壤肥力现状及空间分布特征,探讨了农田土壤肥力影响因素,为提升耕地内在质量和产出能力、改善农田生态环境提供�Taihe County in Jiangxi Province was chosen as the study area to analyze the soil fertility condition and affecting elements of cultivation at the county level.Classical statistics,geostatistics,and geodetector were utilized to examine soil fertility quality and investigate its primary affecting aspects based on experimental data from 206 cultivated soil samples.The results showed that:①Taihe County had an average soil pH of 4.87,indicating slightly acidic soil.A total of 97.39%of the sample sites had CEC contents of four and five levels,and the EC content levels were concentrated in the second level,63.48%of the SOC contents were in the medium levels,73.92%of the TN contents were higher than 1.5 g·kg^(-1),72.17%of the TP contents were lower than 0.6 g·kg^(-1),and the AP contents were in the high level,greater than 20 mg·kg^(-1),accounting for 86.09%of the sample sites.The soil fertility in the research area was poor,and the soil was of light and medium salinization,lacking organic matter and total phosphorus.The lump gold effect values of pH,EC,AP,SOC,TN,and TP were 0.17,0.21,0.18,0.52,0.45,and 0.59,respectively.The spatial correlation between soil pH,EC,and AP was strong,while soil SOC,TN,and TP had a moderate degree of spatial correlation.The spatial variation of soil fertility in Taihe County was influenced by both structural factors(topography,climate,and soil type)and random factors(fertilization,cultivation methods,soil pollution,etc.).②The results of the weight coefficients of farmland soil fertility were TN(0.210),SOC(0.195),EC(0.190),CEC(0.171),TP(0.170),AP(0.117),and pH(-0.053).Soil TN,SOC,and EC were key indicators that affected farmland soil fertility in the study area.The comprehensive score grading of soil fertility quality showed that most of the soil fertility quality in the study area was level three,and the soil fertility in Shangmo Township was relatively fertile.The soil fertility quality level was Level 2 and Level 3.The soil fertility in Yanxi Town and Wanhe Town was relatively poor,

关 键 词：红壤 土壤肥力 影响因子 肥力质量综合指数(IFI) 地理探测器 

分 类 号：X144[环境科学与工程—环境科学]