高速铁路桥梁结构噪声对沿线建筑物室内噪声影响研究  

Study on the Influence of High Speed Bridge-Borne Noise on Indoor Noise of Buildings Along the Line

作　　者：杜淼 张小安[1] 王开云 DU Miao;ZHANG Xiaoan;WANG Kaiyun(School of Mechanical Engineering,Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou 730070,China;State Key Laboratory of Rail Transit Vehicle System,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州交通大学机电工程学院,兰州730070 [2]西南交通大学轨道交通运载系统全国重点实验室,成都610031

出　　处：《兰州交通大学学报》2024年第6期21-30,共10页Journal of Lanzhou Jiaotong University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金区域创新发展联合基金(U19A20110,52362049);甘肃省自然科学基金(22JR5RA344,22JR11RA152);兰州交通大学重点研发项目资助(LZJTU-ZDYF2302)。

摘　　要：为了研究高速列车通过桥梁区段时桥梁结构噪声对沿线建筑物室内噪声的影响,基于车-线-桥耦合动力学理论、有限元和声学边界元方法,建立了桥梁与建筑物噪声预测模型,对比分析了列车以时速350 km通过桥梁时有、无地面反射条件下建筑物室内噪声特性,并研究了桥梁与建筑物间距的影响规律,结果表明:室内噪声主频在63~80 Hz范围内,与桥梁声功率主频一致,且峰值频率处室内声场由于声波在声腔内反射和叠加形成驻波,导致后端墙与中心区域出现了声压局部累积,室外声场中桥梁与建筑物间辐射噪声因墙壁反射呈驻波形式且在前端墙外侧声压显著累积;地面反射和桥梁与建筑物横向间距对室内声场声压累积区分布位置影响较小,但考虑地面反射后声波经地面和建筑物多次反射叠加后外墙附近声压显著增大,导致声压级整体增大,最大增幅达13.5 dB,且最大声压级随间距增加而减小,在16 Hz以下和31.5~80 Hz频段内间距每增加5 m声压级降低约1~2 dB。To investigate the influence of the bridge-borne noise on indoor noise of buildings when high-speed trains pass through the railway line,a model for predicting bridge and building noise is established based on the vehicle-track-bridge coupled dynamics theory,the finite element and acoustics boundary element methods.The characteristic of building's indoor noise under the conditions with or without consideration of ground reflection were compared when the train passes over the bridge at the speed of 350 km/h.Moreover,the effect of the distance between the bridge and building on the indoor noise is studied.The results indicate that the dominant frequency of indoor noise was around 63~88 Hz,which was consistent with the main frequency of bridge sound power.The reflection and superposition of sound waves in the chamber form standing waves,which results in the accumulation of sound pressure around the back wall and central areas at dominant frequencies.The radiated noise between the bridge and the building forms standing waves bythe reflection of walls,and the sound pressure was accumulated significantly outside the front wall.The distribution locations of sound pressure accumulation zone at indoor sound fields were less affected by the ground reflection and the lateral distance between bridges and buildings,but the sound pressure near the outside wall increases significantly by multiple reflections of sound waves from the ground and building,which resulting in an overall increase in the sound pressure level,with a maximum increase of 13.5 dB,considering the ground reflection.The maximum SPL decreased with the increase of distance between bridges and buildings,and the decrement of SPLs was about 1~2 dB with every 5 m increase of distance in the frequency ranges below 16 Hz and between the 31.5 Hz and 80 Hz.

关 键 词：高速铁路 结构噪声 沿线建筑物 辐射噪声 边界元 

分 类 号：U238[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程] U270.16[机械工程—车辆工程]