工业机器人进口的收入效应——来自中国企业的证据  

Revenue Effect of Industrial Robot Imports——Evidence from Chinese Firms

作　　者：王小霞 蒋殿春[2] 李磊[3] WANG Xiaoxia;JIANG Dianchun;LI Lei(School of Economics,Tianjin University of Finance and Economics,Tianjin,300000;Institute of International Economics,Research Center for Multinational Corporations,Nankai University,Tianjin,300000)

机构地区：[1]天津财经大学经济学院 [2]南开大学国际经济研究所 [3]南开大学跨国公司研究中心

出　　处：《中国经济问题》2024年第5期72-87,共16页China Economic Studies

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学一般项目(22YJC790131);天津市教委人文社会科学一般项目(2021SK114)。

摘　　要：本文利用2000—2013年中国工业企业数据与机器人贸易数据进行匹配,实证考察了工业机器人进口对收入的影响:(1)工业机器人进口显著改善了我国企业员工收入水平,且该效应是稳健的;(2)从影响机制看,工业机器人进口对员工收入的正向影响主要来自替代(互补)效应引起的雇佣结构升级,及生产率改善带来的消费价格降低和产出扩张;(3)异质性层面,工业机器人进口对员工收入的改善效应主要集中在资本或技术密集型行业及外资企业中。本研究对“十四五”期间如何利用扩大进口战略实现扩大内需的目标具有一定的现实意义。Under the background of China's high-level opening-up,the import of industrial robots is an important activity to expand the import of key equipment,and also a key force to improve people's income and expand domestic demand under the double cycle pattern.This paper uses the matching data between industrial enterprises and robot trade in China from 2000 to 2013 to investigate and reveal that:(1)The import of industrial robots will improve the average salary of employees in Chinese enterprises,and this effect is robust.(2)From the perspective of influence mechanism,the positive impact of robots on wage income mainly comes from the upgrading of skill structure caused by the substitution effect,the reduction of consumer price,and the expansion of output caused by productivity improvement.(3)At the heterogeneous level,the improvement effect of robots on wages is mainly concentrated on certain industries,such as capital or technology-intensive and foreign-owned enterprises.The study of this paper has a certain practical significance on how to use the strategy of expanding imports to achieve the goal of expanding domestic demand during the"14th Five-Year Plan".

关 键 词：工业机器人进口 工资收入 技能结构优化效应 生产率效应 

分 类 号：F426.67[经济管理—产业经济] F752.61