不同修剪方式对春季茶树生长与机采效果的影响  

Effects of Different Pruning Methods on Tea Plant Growth and Mechanized Picking in Spring

作　　者：向芬[1] 刘红艳[1] 戴翠婷 涂洪强 李维[1] XIANG Fen;LIU Hongyan;DAI Cuiting;TU Hongqiang;LIWei(Tea Research Institute of Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changsha 410125,China;Jishou Tea Industry Development Service Center,Jishou 416000,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省农业科学院茶叶研究所,湖南长沙410125 [2]吉首市茶叶产业发展服务中心,湖南吉首416000

出　　处：《中国茶叶》2024年第12期54-58,共5页China Tea

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1600801);湖南省农业科技创新资金项目(2023CX114)。

摘　　要：茶叶机械化采摘能解决采茶劳动力短缺、茶叶采摘不及时的问题。影响机械采摘效果的因素很多,但茶树树冠形状与留养程度是影响机采效果最主要的因素之一,而修剪方式决定了茶树树冠形状与留养程度。以茶树品种茗丰为试验材料,设置3种不同修剪方式的处理(处理A:平形修剪,留叶1~2叶;处理B:平形修剪,留叶4~5叶;处理C:弧形修剪,留叶4~5叶),研究了不同修剪方式对春季茶树发芽密度、百芽质量、鲜叶产量和品质的影响。结果表明,处理B机采鲜叶产量与机采效果最好,处理C茶叶品质较好,封园前留叶4~5叶的留养方式对春茶产量有利,对于丘陵山区梯田茶园,平形修剪留叶4~5叶处理较好。Mechanized tea picking can solve the problems of labor shortage and untimely tea picking.There are many factors affecting the effect of mechanized picking,but the way of pruning and keeping tea crown is one of the most important factors affecting the effect of mechanized picking.Taking Mingfeng as the material,three pruning methods(A:flat pruning and keeping 1-2 leaves,B:flat pruning and keeping 4-5 leaves,C:Arc canopy pruning and keeping 4-5 leaves)were set up to study the effects of three pruning treatments on the spring germination density,one hundred bud weight,yield and quality of tea plants.The results show that the treatment B was the best in terms of yield and mechanical harvesting effect,and the treatment C was the best in terms of yield and quality,and the flat pruning with 4-5 leaves left before garden closure was beneficial to spring tea yield.In summary,it is better to use flat pruning with 4-5 leaves left in terrace tea gardens in hilly areas.

关 键 词：茶树 修剪方式 机采 生长 品质 

分 类 号：S571.1[农业科学—茶叶生产加工] S233.75[农业科学—作物学]