抗生素与抗性基因在畜禽养殖中的环境影响及生态风险  

Environmental impacts and ecological risks of antibiotics and resistance genes in livestock and poultry farming

作　　者：胡雯桉 沈城 孙慧伦 王强[1] 刘敏[4] HU Wenan;SHEN Cheng;SUN Huilun;WANG Qiang;LIU Min(School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China;Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences,Shanghai 200233,China;School of Resources and Environmental Engineering,East China University of Science and Technology,Shanghai 200237,China;School of Geographic Sciences,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学生态与环境科学学院,上海200241 [2]上海市环境科学研究院,上海200233 [3]华东理工大学资源与环境工程学院,上海200237 [4]华东师范大学地理科学学院,上海200241

出　　处：《华东师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第6期151-160,共10页Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science)

基　　金：上海市科委项目(19ZR1444100)。

摘　　要：对畜禽养殖环境中抗生素与抗性基因的影响与潜在的生态风险进行了综述,通过对相关文献进行系统调研总结了不同地区畜禽养殖业中抗生素的使用情况.研究发现,畜禽粪便及粪肥还田后土壤中抗生素与抗性基因残留浓度水平因粪肥种类、地区、养殖场规模和管理措施等因素而存在差异;同时,抗生素和抗性基因在土壤中的迁移转化受土壤类型及施肥方式的影响.此外,本研究特别探讨了抗性基因在土壤中通过水平基因扩散等机制传播对土壤微生物的影响,系统阐述了抗生素与抗性基因的生态风险.最后,结合畜禽粪肥还田的污染现状,对未来减少环境中抗生素及抗性基因积累和扩散进行了总结与展望,期望为全面了解抗生素及抗性基因在畜禽养殖中的环境影响和生态风险提供有力支持.This article provides a review of the impacts and potential ecological risks of antibiotics and resistance genes in livestock and poultry farming environments.Through systematic research on the relevant literature,the use of antibiotics in livestock and poultry farming in different regions was summarized.The study found that the residual concentrations of antibiotics and resistance genes in soil after returning livestock and poultry manure to the field varied due to factors such as manure type,region,farm scale,and management measures.Moreover,the migration and transformation of antibiotics and resistance genes in soil are influenced by the soil type and fertilization methods.This study specifically explored the impact of the spreading of resistance genes through mechanisms such as horizontal gene diffusion by soil microorganisms and systematically elucidated the ecological risks of antibiotics and resistance genes.Finally,based on the current pollution situation of returning livestock manure to the field,a summary and outlook on reducing the accumulation and diffusion of antibiotics and resistance genes in the environment were prepared.The work is expected to provide strong support for a comprehensive understanding of the environmental impacts and ecological risks of antibiotics and resistance genes in livestock and poultry farming.

关 键 词：抗生素 抗性基因 畜禽粪便 生态风险 

分 类 号：X713[环境科学与工程—环境工程]