基于法学理论的我国医疗责任强制保险法律制度构建中存在的问题及对策研究  

Problems and Countermeasures in the Legal System Construction of Compulsory Medical Liability Insurance Based on Legal Theory

作　　者：邓莹[1] DENG Ying(School of Medical Humanities,Capital Medical University,Beijing,100069,China)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学医学人文学院,北京100069

出　　处：《医学与社会》2024年第12期39-46,68,共9页Medicine and Society

摘　　要：为了解决医疗行为不确定性带来的诸多风险,缓解医患矛盾,域外发达国家建立了多项法律制度,其中医疗责任强制保险制度是非常重要的一项制度。本文基于我国医疗责任保险法律制度的现状和存在的问题,力求从多角度厘清医疗责任强制保险的理论基础。医疗侵权责任法无法完全实现分配正义,医疗责任强制保险能够利用风险社会化,实现分配正义。逆向选择和道德风险是导致我国医疗责任保险失灵的重要原因,医疗责任强制保险能够有效解决逆向选择、避免道德风险。为了保护受害患者的合法利益,医疗责任保险在我国具备应该强制的紧迫性和重要性,且这一制度具有不可替代性,因此医疗责任强制保险符合公共利益的判断原则。总之,医疗责任强制保险法律制度是保障患者合法权益,实现医患和谐所必需的。In order to solve many risks brought by the uncertainty of medical behavior and to alleviate the contradiction between doctors and patients,a number of legal systems have been established in foreign developed countries,among which compulsory medical liability insurance is very important.Based on the current situation and existing problems of medical liability insurance legal system in China,the article aims to clarify the theoretical basis of compulsory medical liability insurance from multiple angles.The Medical Tort Liability Law fails to fully accomplish distributive justice.However,compulsory medical liability insurance can utilize the socialization of risks to realize distributive justice.Adverse selection and moral hazard are significant causes for the malfunction of medical liability insurance in China.Compulsory medical liability insurance can effectively solve adverse selection and prevent moral hazard.To safeguard the legitimate interests of injured patients,it is urgent and important to enforce compulsory medical liability insurance in China,and this system is irreplaceable.Thus,compulsory medical liability insurance conforms to the judgment principle of public interest.In conclusion,the legal system of compulsory medical liability insurance is indispensable for protecting the legitimate rights and interests of patients and achieving harmony between doctors and patients.

关 键 词：医疗损害责任 强制保险 理论基础 

分 类 号：R-05[医药卫生] R197