空气污染对我国中老年人家庭医疗支出的影响  

Impact of Air Pollution on Medical Expenditure of Middle-aged and Elderly Families in China

作　　者：孙琳 李宏宇 张鹏俊[2] SUN Lin(School of Management,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,Beijing,102401,China)

机构地区：[1]北京中医药大学管理学院,北京102401 [2]北京医院科研处,国家老年医学中心,中国医学科学院老年医学研究院,北京100730

出　　处：《医学与社会》2024年第12期53-59,共7页Medicine and Society

摘　　要：目的:研究空气污染对我国中老年人家庭医疗支出的影响,为减轻中老年人疾病经济负担与应对人口老龄化提供实证依据。方法:根据中国健康与养老追踪调查2020年数据库中45岁及以上中老年人的家庭医疗支出以及中国环境监测总站发布的各市空气质量指数等数据,运用精确断点回归模型分析空气污染对于中老年人家庭医疗支出的影响程度。结果:空气污染对中老年人家庭医疗支出有显著的正向作用(P<0.05),受空气污染影响的中老年人家庭医疗支出会增加60.5%。异质性检验结果表明不同人群对空气污染的敏感程度不同,高中及以上学历的中老年人家庭医疗支出回归系数为2.307(P<0.05);城市中老年人家庭医疗支出回归系数为0.977(P<0.05);中年人家庭医疗支出回归系数为1.973(P<0.05)。高中以下学历和居住地为农村的中老年人、60岁以上的老年人家庭医疗支出回归系数不显著。结论:空气污染会影响我国中老年人家庭医疗支出,尤其对学历较高、城市居民和中年人的影响更明显。应通过治理空气污染来改善中老年人健康状况,预防或降低中老年人家庭灾难性医疗支出的风险。Objective:To study the impact of air pollution on the medical expenditure of middle-aged and elderly families in China,in order to provide empirical evidence to reduce the economic burden of diseases of middle-aged and elderly people and to cope with the aging of the population.Methods:Based on the household medical expenditure of middle-aged and elderly people aged 45 and above in the China health and retirement longitudinal study 2020 database,and the air quality indices of each city released by the China National Environmental Monitoring Centre,the degree of influence of air pollution on the household medical expenditure of middle-aged and elderly people was analyzed by using the sharp regression discontinuity model.Results:Air pollution has a significant positive effect on the medical expenditure of middle-aged and elderly households(P<0.05),and the medical expenditure of middle-aged and elderly households will increase by 60.5%under the influence of air pollution.The results of heterogeneity test show that different groups of people have different sensitivity to air pollution,the regression coefficient of household medical expenditure of middle-aged and elderly people with high school education and above is 2.307(P<0.05),and the regression coefficient of household medical expenditure of middle-aged and elderly people in urban areas is 0.977(P<0.05).The regression coefficient of household medical expenditure of middle-aged people is 1.973(P<0.05).The regression coefficient of household medical expenditure of middle-aged and elderly people with education background below high school,those living in rural areas,and those over 60 years old is not significant.Conclusion:Air pollution has an impact on the household medical expenditures of middle-aged and elderly people in China,especially for highly educated,urban and middle-aged residents,and it is important to combat air pollution to improve the health status of middle-aged and elderly people and prevent or reduce the risk of catastrophic medical expenditures of

关 键 词：医疗支出 空气污染 疾病负担 中老年人 

分 类 号：R-05[医药卫生] R195.4