云南纯野生及仿野生“香蕈”资源的开发利用  

On Development and Utilization of Wild and Cultivated"Lentinus Edodes"Resources in Yunnan

作　　者：朱和双 ZHU Heshuang(Journal Editorial Department,Chuxiong Normal University,Chuxiong 675000,China)

机构地区：[1]楚雄师范学院学报编辑部,云南楚雄675000

出　　处：《昭通学院学报》2024年第5期1-11,共11页Journal of Zhaotong University

摘　　要：云南人对食用菌种类的划分经历了一个较漫长的演变过程,因为南诏大理国时期的封闭割据隔绝了以香蕈(椹)为载体的饮食文化圈向华夏边缘的继续融通。从明代开始,汉族移民潜移默化地影响着云南人的饮食结构,他们将大山深处用人工促繁得到的香蕈(菌)仍归入野生菌的范畴。到清代中后期,纯野生及仿野生繁殖的香蕈(菌)成为了山里人割舍不掉的重要副产物,使每年能收获的香蕈(菌)跻身到了滇省食用菌产量的首位。绝大多数的香蕈(菌)干制品被转运到省外或国外销售,为整个“云菌”产业链的建构及提质增效发展做出了至今仍无法被取代的贡献。相比较而言,20世纪80年代强势逆袭的“香菇”概念绝不会被混用来指野生菌,因为它被云南人排挤成为了“代料菇”“大棚菇”的专属代名词。Classification of edible mushrooms in Yunnan has been a long,strenuous story as its geographical isolation between the 8th and the 13th centuries blocked the expansion of its culinary culture characterized by Lentinus edodes to the peripheral areas of traditional heartland China.At the beginning of the Ming(1368-1644),diet of the local people came under influence,in an unnot ld out of Yunnan or even abroad,Lentinus edodes made irreplaceable contribution to construction,upgrade and efficiency improvement of the chain of Yunnan's mushroom industry.Comparatively speaking,Lentinula edodes,which saw a robust sale resurge in the 1980s,will not be mistakenly used to refer to wild mushrooms,as it has been virtually marginalized by people of Yunnan as"substitute mushroom"or"greenhouse mushroom."

关 键 词：云南食用菌 香蕈 仿野生栽培 资源优势 可持续发展 

分 类 号：S567.3[农业科学—中草药栽培]