10到13世纪的中华世界何以“分久必合”?——论中国传统国家观的再形成  

Why Did the Chinese World from the 10th to 13th Centuries Experience"Long Division Must Eventually Unite?":On the Reformation of Traditional Chinese Views onStatehood

作　　者：江湄[1] JIANG Mei(Capital Normal University)

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学历史学院

出　　处：《中华民族共同体研究》2024年第4期97-121,M0005,M0006,共27页Journal of the Chinese Nation Studies

摘　　要：唐朝灭亡后(907),历经五代十国、宋、辽、金、西夏的并峙,最后由蒙古族建立的元朝实现了更大规模的统一(1276)。对于认识10到13世纪的中国历史,“唐宋变革论”和“征服王朝论”至今在国际中国学领域占有主流地位,且广为中国学者所接受和使用。突破这两个理论学说及其更深层次的“帝国—民族国家”二分法,首先要反省当今中国史研究中“国别史—民族史”的研究框架,不以“民族”为中国史叙事的当然主体,进而回到中国传统的国家观念,从中寻找中国史上巨大政治共同体形成的认同基础。从中国传统国家观容纳新的历史变化进而再形成的层面,我们将看到,“征服王朝”以“征服”的方式进入中国、加入中国并最终使中国得到更大规模的扩容和巩固,使中国史有所“断裂”的同时发生跃进,开启了一个合“天下”于“中国”的新的历史进程。After the fall of the Tang Dynasty in 907,China experienced a period of division with the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms,followed by the Song,Liao,Jin,and Western Xia dynasties.Eventually,the Yuan Dynasty,established by the Mongols in 1276,achieved a larger-scale unification.In understanding Chinese history from the 10th to 13th centuries,the"Tang-Song Transition Theory"and"Conquest Dynasty Theory"remain mainstream in international Chinese studies and are widely accepted and used by Chinese scholars.To move beyond these theoretical frameworks and the deeper"Empire-Nation-State"dichotomy,it is essential to re-examine the"national history-ethnic history"research framework in contemporary Chinese historical studies,without making"ethnicity"the natural subject of Chinese historical narrative.Instead,we should return to traditional Chinese concepts of statehood and explore the foundational basis for the formation of large political communities in Chinese history.From the perspective of the reformation of traditional Chinese views on statehood accommodating new historical changes,we will see that"conquest dynasties"entered,joined,and ultimately expanded and consolidated China through"conquest,"resulting in both a"rupture"and a leap in Chinese history,initiating a new historical process that integrates"all under heaven"into"China".

关 键 词：10到13世纪 中华世界 天下 中国 国家观 

分 类 号：D691[政治法律—政治学] K23[政治法律—中外政治制度]