铁路智能车站室内定位关键技术研究  

Research on Key Technologies of Indoor Positioning in Intelligent Railway Stations

作　　者：陈瑞凤 史天运 李超 刘小燕 张亚伟 吴首蓉 CHEN Ruifeng;SHI Tianyun;LI Chao;LIU Xiaoyan;ZHANG Yawei;WU Shourong(Institute of Computing Technology,China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited,Beijing 100081,China;Department of Science,Technology and Information Technology(Chief Engineer Office),China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited,Beijing 100081,China;Beijing Jingwei Information Technologies Co.Ltd.,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司电子计算技术研究所,北京100081 [2]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司科技和信息化部(总工室),北京100081 [3]北京经纬信息技术有限公司,北京100081

出　　处：《铁道运输与经济》2024年第12期160-168,208,共10页Railway Transport and Economy

基　　金：中国科协青年人才托举工程项目(2021QT001);中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司科研项目(2023YJ125)。

摘　　要：铁路智能车站建设的主要目标是实现旅客便捷出行、车站温馨服务、客运高效管理,为旅客提供更加便捷、舒适的出行体验,提升客运管理工作效率。为满足智能车站旅客便捷出行、客运高效组织的精准定位需求,首先归纳了几何测量法、位置指纹识别法和临近关系定位法3种室内无线定位原理及方法。然后综合对比和分析了目前应用较为成熟的不同类型无线定位技术的特征和性能,包括5G通信、低功耗蓝牙、UWB、Wi-Fi、RFID等多类型无线定位技术。最后面向智能车站客运管理场景提出了基于5G融合新型反向散射技术的定位方案,采用更小体积、更广连接、更低功耗、更长使用周期的反向散射移动标签,实现亚米级高精度定位;面向旅客服务场景提出了基于低功耗蓝牙融合Wi-Fi/移动通信技术的定位方案,满足旅客只使用一部手机便可实现站内无盲区精准定位的需求,实现便捷出行。The construction of intelligent railway stations mainly aims to achieve convenient travel,warm station services for passengers,and efficient passenger transportation management,provide passengers with a more convenient and comfortable travel experience,and improve the efficiency of passenger transportation management.In order to satisfy the precise positioning needs of convenient travel for passengers and efficient passenger transportation management in intelligent stations,this paper first summarized three indoor wireless positioning principles and methods,namely the geometric measurement method,location-based fingerprint recognition method,and proximity relationship positioning method.Afterward,the paper comprehensively compared the characteristics and performance of different types of wireless positioning technologies,which currently have mature applications,including 5G communication,Bluetooth with low power consumption,UWB,WiFi,RFID,and other types of wireless positioning technologies.Eventually,a positioning scheme based on 5G combined with new backscatter technology was proposed for passenger transportation management scenarios in intelligent stations,which adopted backscatter mobile tags with smaller volume,wider connection,lower power consumption,and longer service life to achieve sub-meter level high-precision positioning.Meanwhile,a positioning solution based on Bluetooth with low power consumption combined with Wi-Fi/mobile communication technology was proposed for passenger service scenarios,meeting the need for passengers to achieve precise positioning without blind spots using only one mobile phone and realize convenient travel.

关 键 词：铁路 智能车站 无线定位 便捷出行 客运管理 

分 类 号：U293.2[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]