外爆荷载下钢制储罐动力响应数值模拟分析  

Numerical Simulation of the Dynamic Response of Steel Storage Tanks to External Explosion Loads

作　　者：周利剑[1] 邓华 胥立广 董守业 于新杰 张睿 ZHOU Lijian;DENG Hua;XU Liguang;DONG Shouye;YU Xinjie;ZHANG Rui(School of Civil Engineering,Northeast Petroleum University,Daqing 163318,Heilongjiang China;Sinopec Shanghai Engineering Co.Ltd.,Shanghai 200120,China)

机构地区：[1]东北石油大学土木建筑工程学院,黑龙江大庆163318 [2]中石化上海工程有限公司,上海200120

出　　处：《河南科学》2024年第12期1741-1752,共12页Henan Science

基　　金：黑龙江省自然科学基金联合引导项目(LH2020E018)。

摘　　要：化工园区储罐爆炸产生的外爆荷载可能导致周边储罐损伤破坏,继而引发多米诺效应.为研究储罐在外爆荷载下的损伤规律,采用有限元方法对外爆荷载冲击储罐的动态过程进行模拟,重点分析了储罐典型响应结果,探究了储液量、储罐容积及比例距离对储罐损伤的影响规律.结果表明:拱顶与罐壁交界处为结构薄弱区,冲击波与储罐多次作用,其中初始冲击波是引起储罐变形的主要原因;地面起爆时,储罐受冲击范围在环向角0°~90°,其中0°~30°为主要区域;储液惯性阻力减小了罐壁加速度,外爆荷载下储液与罐壁反复作用直至平衡;储罐变形量、范围与储液量呈负相关,表现出先急后缓的减小趋势;高液位时储罐容积越大抗爆性能越好,而低液位时小容积储罐则更好;比例距离的改变对冲击波超压强度影响显著,但对其分布影响不大,空罐对比例距离最为敏感,安全性较有储液的储罐更低.The external explosion load generated by the explosion of a storage tank in a chemical park may damage surrounding storage tanks,potentially triggering a domino effect.To investigate the damage behavior of storage tanks under external explosion loads,the finite element method was employed to simulate the dynamic impact process.The typical response characteristics of the storage tanks were analyzed,and the effects of liquid storage volume,tank size,and proportional distance on storage tank damage were investigated.The results indicate that the junction between the tank dome and wall is a weak area.The shock wave exerts multiple impacts on the tank,with the initial wave being the primary cause of deformation.When a ground explosion occurs,the impact range on the tank spans 0°to 90°,with the most affected area being between 0°and 30°.The inertial resistance of the stored liquid reduces the acceleration of the tank wall,with the liquid and tank wall interacting repeatedly until equilibrium is achieved under the external explosion load.The degree and extent of storage tank deformation are negatively correlated with the amount of stored liquid,exhibiting an initial rapid decrease followed by a slower decline.Larger storage tanks with high liquid levels demonstrate better shock resistance,while smaller storage tanks perform better at low liquid levels.Variations in proportional distance significantly affect the overpressure strength of the shock wave,but have minimal impact on its distribution.Empty tanks are most sensitive to proportional distance,and have lower safety compared to tanks with liquid storage。

关 键 词：钢制储罐 外爆荷载 冲击 动力响应 数值模拟 

分 类 号：TE821[石油与天然气工程—油气储运工程]