实然与应然视角下的马基雅维里政治学  

Machiavelli's Political Theory from the Perspectives of“What Is”and“What Should Be”

作　　者：刘清平 LIU Qing-ping(School of Film and Television,Wuhan College of Communication,Wuhan,Hubei 430205)

机构地区：[1]武汉传媒学院电影与电视学院,湖北武汉430205

出　　处：《岭南学刊》2024年第6期118-128,共11页Lingnan Journal

摘　　要：马基雅维里的政治学理论包含了政治科学和规范政治学的两方面要素,分别从实然描述和应然评判的不同视角出发,考察了政治与道德的关联,尤其在考察政治与伦理劣性的关联时还呈现出某些创新之处,至今仍有启迪作用。不过,这些创新之处既不足以证明他奠定了现代政治科学,也不足以证明他体现了用现实主义或利己主义取代理想主义的规范性发展趋势,反倒由于君权至上的应然立场,对规范政治学的发展产生了扭曲正义感的误导效应。所以,我们在肯定马基雅维里政治学的理论贡献的同时,也应当深入揭示其在实然和应然层面的内在缺陷,推动政治学在政治科学和规范政治学的领域健康发展。Machiavelli's political theory contains two elements of political science and normative political theory.It examines the relationship between politics and morality from the different perspectives of“what is”and“what should be”,and especially shows some innovations when examining the relationship between politics and vice,which is still inspiring today.However,these innovations are not enough to prove that Machiavelli laid the foundation for modern political science,nor are they enough to prove that he embodies the normative development trend of replacing idealism with realism or egoism.On the contrary,due to affirming the supremacy of monarchy,he has a misleading effect on the development of normative political theories by distorting the sense of justice.Therefore,while affirming the contributions of Machiavelli's political theory,we should also reveal its inherent defects at the level of“what is”and“what should be”,and promote the healthy development of political theory in the fields of political science and normative political theories.

关 键 词：马基雅维里 政治 道德 德性 劣性 实然与应然 

分 类 号：D6[政治法律—政治学]