无人机施药技术在湖沼型环境药物灭螺成本-效果评价  

Cost-effectiveness analysis of chemical treatment with drones for Oncomelania hupensis control in marshland and lake areas

作　　者：陈勇 许晓娟 闻道龙 代波 高岚 张戎 黄青青 李琳琳 查帆 方亮 张萍 张世清 曹淳力 CHEN Yong;XU Xiaojuan;WEN Daolong;DAI Bo;GAO Lan;ZHANG Rong;HUANG Qingqing;LI Linlin;ZHA Fan;FANG Liang;ZHANG Ping;ZHANG Shiqing;CAO Chunli(Wuhu Municipal Station for Endemic Disease Control,Wuhu,Anhui 240001,China;Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Hefei,Anhui 230601,China;Wanzhi District Station of Schistosomiasis Control,Wuhu City,Anhui Province,China;National Institute of Parasitic Diseases,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention(Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research),WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases,National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology,Shanghai 200025,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽省芜湖市地方病防治站,安徽芜湖241001 [2]安徽省疾病预防控制中心,安徽合肥230601 [3]安徽省芜湖市湾沚区血吸虫病防治站 [4]中国疾病预防控制中心寄生虫病预防控制所(国家热带病研究中心)、WHO热带病合作中心、国家级热带病国家联合研究中心、国家卫生健康委员会寄生虫病原与媒介生物学重点实验室,上海200025

出　　处：《中国血吸虫病防治杂志》2024年第5期502-506,共5页Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control

摘　　要：目的评价湖沼型环境采用无人机喷撒灭螺药物的灭螺效果,并对其成本进行分析,为我国开展现场灭螺提供新思路。方法2023年6月选择芜湖市湾沚区一块面积约12000 m^(2)的湖沼型环境作为试验现场,将现场分成A、B、C、D4个试验组,每组面积约3000 m^(2);A、B两组均不清障,分别采用背负式喷雾喷粉机和无人机喷撒5%杀螺胺乙醇胺盐颗粒剂(40 g/m^(2));C、D两组清障后分别采用无人机和背负式喷雾喷粉机喷撒5%杀螺胺乙醇胺盐颗粒剂(40 g/m^(2))。分别于施药前和施药后1、3、5、7 d和14 d对各组进行钉螺调查,并于施药当天测定各组药物均匀度,计算并比较各组钉螺死亡率、校正死亡率、活螺密度。统计各组灭螺药物成本、清障及施药人工费、设备费,计算施药后14 d各组活螺平均密度每下降1%的成本。结果施药前,A、B、C、D 4组活螺平均密度在1.82~2.85只/0.1 m^(2),钉螺死亡率在1.41%~2.94%。施药后14 d,A、B、C、D组钉螺死亡率分别为55.74%、49.32%、85.94%、87.50%,校正钉螺死亡率分别为55.00%、48.47%、85.70%、87.29%;4组钉螺死亡率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=38.735,P<0.005),其中D组钉螺死亡率高于A组(χ^(2)=16.876,P<0.005),C组钉螺死亡率高于B组(χ^(2)=20.508,P<0.005)。施药后14 d,各组活螺密度较施药前分别下降了55.00%、43.94%、90.43%、87.14%。药物均匀度测试结果表明,A、B、C、D组喷撒药物平均剂量分别为57.34、55.21、40.19、32.37 g/m^(2),C组平均剂量标准差(7.07)及变异系数(0.18)均最小。A、B组1 m^(2)灭螺成本均为0.33元,C、D组均为1.53元。施药后14 d,A、B、C、D组活螺平均密度每下降1%的成本分别为17.82、22.47、50.73、52.56元/m^(2)。结论无人机喷撒灭螺药物的灭螺效果及成本均与人工施药相当,且药物喷洒均匀度高、省时省力,能应用于复杂环境,可在灭螺现场推广使用。Objective To evaluate the molluscicidal effect and cost of spraying molluscicides with drones against Oncomelania hupensis snails in marshland and lake areas,so as to provide new insights into field snail control in China.Methods A marshland and lake setting measuring approximately 12000 m^(2) was selected in Wanzhi District,Wuhu City on June 2023 as the test field,and assigned to four groups,of 3000 m^(2) in each group.Environmental cleaning was not conducted in groups A or B,which were given 5%niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules sprayed with knapsack-type sprayers and drones at a dose of 40 g/m^(2),and environmental cleaning was conducted in groups C and D,which were given 5%niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules sprayed with drones and knapsack-type sprayers at a dose of 40 g/m^(2),respectively.O.hupensis snails were surveyed before chemical treatment and 1,3,5,7,14 days post-treatment.The uniformity of chemicals was determined on the day of treatment,and the snail mortality,corrected snail mortality and density of living snails were calculated and compared among groups.The cost of molluscicides,labor fees of environmental cleaning and chemical treatment and cost of equipment were calculated,and the cost for a 1%reduction in the mean density of living snails was calculated 14 days post-treatment.Results The mean densities of living snails and mortality rates of snails were 1.82 to 2.85 snails/0.1 m^(2) and 1.41%to 2.94%in groups A,B,C and D before chemical treatment,and the mortality and corrected mortality of snails were 55.75%,49.32%,85.94%and 87.50%,and 55.00%,48.47%,85.70%and 87.29%in groups A,B,C and D 14 days post-treatment.There was a significant difference in the mortality of snails among the four groups 14 days post-treatment(χ^(2)=38.735,P<0.005),and there was a higher snail mortality in Group D than in Group A(χ^(2)=16.876,P<0.005),and higher in Group C than in Group B(χ^(2)=20.508,P<0.005).The density of living snails reduced by 55.00%,43.94%,90.43%and 87.14%14 days post-treatment relative to

关 键 词：血吸虫病 钉螺 5%杀螺胺乙醇胺盐颗粒剂 无人机 灭螺效果 湖沼型环境 芜湖市 

分 类 号：R383.24[医药卫生—医学寄生虫学]