1870年英国《福斯特教育法》新探  

New Exploration of Foster Education Act of 1870

作　　者：刘黎明[1] LIU Liming(School of Educational Science,Hunan Normal University,Changsha 410081,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学教育科学学院,长沙410081

出　　处：《鲁东大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第6期47-53,共7页Ludong University Journal:Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：湖南省哲学社会科学基金项目“雅斯贝尔斯高等教育人学思想研究”(22YBA060)。

摘　　要：1870年的《福斯特教育法》是英国教育史上第一部具有里程碑意义的初等教育法。它制定的缘由主要有人们对英国初等教育发展相对落后进行的反思、国教派与非国教派之间的纷争、自由主义思想对教育的阻碍以及英国政治、经济的发展对教育的客观诉求。它蕴含着丰富的内容,其特色是“填补空缺”“折中、妥协”“双重控制”“普通教育与宗教教育分离”。其历史意义重大,它是英国政府在教育上从自由放任走向直接干预的标志;它使英国初等教育的性质从“教会慈善事业”转为全民参与的“公共性教育事业”;它是英国教育史上具有划时代意义的事件,促进了初等教育的蓬勃发展;它是一种折中、妥协的方案,既符合教会的利益,又体现了教育改革的要求。当然,它也存在一定的局限性,如未能建立一个统一的国家政府领导的初等教育体系,没有对义务的、强迫性的初等教育制度作出统一规定。Foster Education Act of 1870 is the first primary education act with landmark significance in British education history.The reasons for its formulation are mainly the people's reflection on the relatively backward development of British primary education,the disputes between national and non-national sects,the liberal thought's hindering education,and the objective demands of British political and economic development on education.It contains rich content,which is characterized by“filling the vacancy”,“compromise”,“dual control”,and“separation of general education and religious education”.Its historical significance is very great.It is the symbol of the British government going from laissez-faire to direct intervention in education,it makes the nature of British primary education change from“church charity”to“public education”with the whole people s participation,it is an epoch-making event in British education history,which promotes the vigorous development of primary education,and it is a scheme of compromise that meets the interests of the church and reflects the demands of educational reform.Of course,it also has certain limitations,such as the failure to establish a unified national government-led primary education system,and its lack of uniform provisions for compulsory primary education systems.

关 键 词：福斯特教育法 颁布缘由 特色 国民教育体系 历史意义 

分 类 号：G561.1[文化科学—教育学]