基于数据驱动的地铁车辆等效缩比模型钩缓结构设计  

Data-driven equivalent scaled model of coupler-buffer device design for subway vehicles

作　　者：许平[1,2] 黄启 许拓 王傲 阳程星 王世明 XU Ping;HUANG Qi;XU Tuo;WANG Ao;YANG Cheng-xing;WANG Shi-ming(Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety on Track of Ministry of Education,Central South University,Changsha 410075,Hunan,China;School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410075,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学轨道交通安全教育部重点实验室,湖南长沙410075 [2]中南大学交通运输工程学院,湖南长沙410075

出　　处：《交通运输工程学报》2024年第5期217-233,共17页Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFB3703801)。

摘　　要：为了快速获取地铁车辆碰撞中钩缓结构碰撞特性,研究了地铁车辆钩缓结构设计,提出了一种基于数据驱动的地铁车辆等效缩比模型钩缓结构设计方法;以钩缓结构中橡胶缓冲器为研究对象,建立等效缩比橡胶缓冲器有限元模型并进行缩比试验验证,构建了等效缩比橡胶缓冲器几何参数与力学特性响应面代理模型;以钩缓结构中鼓胀管为研究对象,建立了1/8缩比鼓胀管有限元模型并通过准静态压缩试验验证,构建了基于缩比鼓胀管几何参数耐撞性指标预测模型;为了验证方法的有效性,基于某型地铁头车钩缓结构碰撞试验,针对钩头、缓冲器、鼓胀管开展等效缩比模型设计,开展1/8缩比地铁头车碰撞试验,获得等效缩比钩缓结构力学特性曲线后,将其还原与地铁头车全尺寸有限元仿真结果进行比较。研究结果表明:构建的等效缩比橡胶缓冲器冲击峰值力和平均力响应面代理模型的决定系数分别为0.994和0.992;建立的1/8缩比鼓胀管多种几何参数耐撞性指标预测模型中,多层感知机模型冲击平台力和比吸能的预测结果决定系数均达到0.999;开展的地铁车辆等效缩比模型钩缓结构试验与地铁头车全尺寸有限元仿真结果中,缩比试验与仿真力-位移曲线趋势基本一致,缓冲器的平均力、冲击峰值力误差分别为1.11%、5.62%,鼓胀管冲击平台力、比吸能误差分别为0.59%、2.51%。可见,基于数据驱动的地铁车辆等效缩比模型钩缓结构设计方法能较好地设计等效缩比钩缓结构,在确保缩比模型精确度的同时,降低钩缓结构研究和设计成本。In order to quickly obtain the collision characteristics of the coupler-buffer device in the subway vehicle collision,the design of the coupler-buffer device was studied,and the data-driven equivalent scaled model design method of the coupler-buffer device was proposed.By taking the rubber buffer in the coupler-buffer device as the research object,the equivalent scaled finite element model of the rubber buffer was established and verified by scaled tests.The response surface proxy models of the geometrical parameter and mechanical characteristic in the equivalent scaled rubber buffer were constructed.The expansion tubes in the coupler-buffer device were taken as the research object,and a finite element model of the 1/8 scaled expansion tube was established and verified by quasi-static compression tests.A crashworthiness index prediction model based on the geometrical parameters of the scaled expansion tube was constructed.Based on the collision test of the coupler-buffer device for a type of subway head car,the equivalent scaled model designs of the couple head,buffer,and expansion tube were carried out to verify the validity of the method.A 1/8 equivalent scaled subway head car collision test was carried out to obtain the mechanical property curves,which were then restored and compared with the full-scale subway head car finite element simulation results.Research results show that the determination coefficients of the response surface proxy models of the peak crushing force and total mean force in the equivalent scaled rubber buffer are 0.994 and 0.992,respectively.In the crashworthiness index prediction models of the 1/8 scaled expansion tube,the determination coefficients of the platform mean force and specific energy absorption in the multilayer perceptron mode are both 0.999.In the results of the equivalent scaled coupler-buffer device for the subway vehicle test and the full-scale subway head car finite element simulation,the trends of force-displacement curves of the scaled test and the simulation test are

关 键 词：地铁车辆 钩缓结构 数据驱动 等效缩比模型 数值仿真 参数设计 

分 类 号：U270.34[机械工程—车辆工程]