我国荞麦土壤钾素丰缺指标和适宜施钾量研究  

Study on the abundance-deficiency index of buckwheat soil K and appropriate K application rates in China

作　　者：孙洪仁[1] 王显国[1] 张运龙 王振国 白乙拉图 张桂华 文峰 金晓光 包雪莲 刘伟春 SUN Hongren;WANG Xianguo;ZHANG Yunlong;WANG Zhenguo;Baiyilatu;ZHANG Guihua;WEN Feng;JIN Xiaoguang;BAO Xuelian;LIU Weichun(College of Grassland Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Tongliao Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Science Research Institute,Tongliao 028015,China;Hure Banner Agricultural Technology Promotion Center,Hure 028200,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学草业科学与技术学院,北京100193 [2]通辽市农牧科学研究所,内蒙古通辽028015 [3]库伦旗农业技术推广中心,内蒙古库伦028200

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2024年第11期170-178,共9页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-34)。

摘　　要：为建立我国荞麦土壤钾素丰缺指标推荐施肥系统,在中国知网检索2001—2023年我国荞麦施钾的相关文献,提取土壤速效钾含量、全钾含量、施钾处理产量和缺钾处理产量等相关数据;采用“零散试验数据整合法”建立我国荞麦缺钾处理相对产量与土壤速效钾和全钾含量的回归方程;采用“土壤养分丰缺分级改良方案”对土壤速效钾和全钾含量进行分级;采用“养分平衡-地力差减法新应用公式”,计算不同目标产量、不同肥料利用率情形下不同丰缺级别土壤的荞麦适宜施钾量。结果表明:我国荞麦缺钾处理相对产量与土壤速效钾和全钾含量回归方程分别为:y=14.008 ln(x)+23.513和y=14.445 ln(x)+45.649。我国荞麦土壤速效钾第1―6级丰缺指标依次为≥236、≥116~236、≥57~116、≥28~57、≥14~28和<14 mg/kg,土壤全钾第1―6级丰缺指标依次为≥44、≥22~44、≥11~22、≥6~11、≥3~6和<3 g/kg。当荞麦目标产量在0.90~3.75 t/hm^(2)、且钾肥利用率设定为40%~60%时,钾素丰缺级别第1—6级土壤的适宜施钾量范围分别为0、7~42、14~84、20~127、27~169和34~211 kg/hm^(2);钾肥利用率为60%、55%、50%、45%和40%的适宜施钾量范围依次为0~141、0~153、0~169、0~188和0~211 kg/hm^(2);目标产量为0.90、1.50、2.25、3.00和3.75 t/hm^(2)的适宜施钾量范围分别为0~51、0~84、0~127、0~169和0~211 kg/hm^(2)。In order to establish a recommended fertilization system based on the abundance-deficiency index of buckwheat soil K,CNKI articles related to buckwheat K fertilization in China since 2001-2023,and the data of soil available K(SAK)and soil total K(STK),as well as the yield for K application treatment and without K fertilizer treatments(KFT)were extracted.Using the method of integrating scattered experimental data,two regression equations were established between the relative yield(RY)of buckwheat without KFT and the content of SAK and STK in China.The improvement plan for soil nutrient abundance-deficiency grading was adopted to classify the content of SAK and STK.Using the new application formula based on the methods of nutrient balance and projected yield minus soil fertility yield,the AKAR for buckwheat in different soil fertility levels under different target yields(TY)and fertilizer use efficiency(FUE)was calculated.The results showed that the RY of buckwheat without KFT and the content of SAK and STK in China are as follows:y=14.008ln(x)+23.513 and y=14.445ln(x)+45.649,respectively.The ADI of SAK for buckwheat in China for the 1st to 6th level were≥236,≥116-236,≥57-116,≥28-57,≥14-28 and<14 mg/kg,respectively.The ADI of STK for buckwheat in China for the 1st to 6th level were≥44,≥22-44,≥11-22,≥6-11,≥3-6 and<3 g/kg,respectively.When the TY of buckwheat was 0.90-3.75 t/hm^(2),the FUE of K was 40%-60%,and the soil K abundance-deficiency level(ADL)was from 1st to 6th,the AKAR for ADL from 1st to 6th were 0,7-42,14-84,20-127,27-169 and 34-211 kg/hm^(2),respectively.The AKAR for FUE of K as 60%,55%,50%,45% and 40% are 0-141,0-153,0-169,0-188 and 0-211 kg/hm^(2),respectively.The AKAR for target yields of 0.90,1.50,2.25,3.00 and 3.75 t/hm^(2) are 0-51,0-84,0-127,0-169 and 0-211 kg/hm^(2),respectively.

关 键 词：荞麦 测土施肥 土壤速效钾 土壤全钾 丰缺指标 施肥量 

分 类 号：S153.6[农业科学—土壤学] S519[农业科学—农业基础科学]