财政激励型环境规制中政府对企业的“隐性补贴”——基于企业所得税实际税率视角的研究  

Government's“Hidden Subsidies”in Fiscal Incentive Environmental Regulation:From the Perspective of Corporate Effective Income Tax Rate

作　　者：邓明[1] 黄钰萱 Deng Ming;Huang Yuxuan(School of Economics,Xiamen University)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学经济学院

出　　处：《经济科学》2024年第6期57-78,共22页Economic Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“劳动收入份额对财政支出乘数的影响:理论分析、实证检验与作用分解”(项目编号:72373122)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：如何在环境规制的过程中不额外增加企业负担,是环境规制设计需要考虑的问题。本文基于2009—2014年中国规模以上工业企业数据,以2012年皖浙两省正式签订《新安江流域水环境补偿协议》为准自然实验,构建双重差分模型,以评估跨省流域生态补偿这种横向财政激励型环境规制对受偿地区企业的影响。本文研究结果表明,横向财政激励型环境规制显著降低了受偿地区企业的污染物排放水平;更重要的是,受偿地区企业的所得税实际税率显著下降,这是由受偿地区地方政府的税收征管而非企业避税导致的,说明地方政府通过税收征管向企业提供了“隐性补贴”;进一步的研究表明,地方政府并没有通过财政补贴的方式提供“显性补贴”。本文的研究结果表明,横向财政激励型环境规制下,地方政府并不会将环境规制带来的财政压力传导给企业,反而会给企业一定的“隐性补贴”。How not to increase the burden of enterprises in the process of environmental regula⁃tion is an issue that needs to be considered in the design of environmental regulation policies.Based on the data of Chinese industrial enterprises above designated size from 2009 to 2014,this paper constructs a difference⁃in⁃differences(DID)model to assess the impacts of horizontal fiscal incentives such as cross⁃provincial watershed ecological compensation on enterprises in the com⁃pensated areas,using the Xin’anjiang River Basin Water and Environmental Compensation Agreement formally signed by Anhui and Zhejiang provinces in 2012 as a quasi⁃natural experi⁃ment.The results show that the horizontal fiscal incentive environmental regulation significantly reduces the pollutant emission level of enterprises in the compensated area;more importantly,the effective income tax rate of the enterprises in the compensated area also decreases significant⁃ly,which is caused by the tax administration of local governments in the compensated area,sug⁃gesting that local governments in the compensated area provide“hidden subsidies”to the enter⁃prises through tax administration.Further research reveals that local governments do not provide“explicit subsidies”through fiscal subsidies.The results indicate that under the horizontal fiscal incentive environmental regulation,local governments do not transfer the fiscal pressure brought by environmental regulation to enterprises,but rather provide enterprises with certain“hidden subsidies”.

关 键 词：环境规制 企业所得税 隐性补贴 

分 类 号：F812.7[经济管理—财政学]