施钾水平对北方风沙区油莎豆生长、块茎品质及产量的影响  

Effects of potassium application level on the growth,tuber quality,and yield of Cyperus esculentus in the Northern wind-sand area

作　　者：曹秭琦 赵小庆[1,3] 张向前 伍建辉[3] 张帆 刘丹 路战远 任永峰 CAO Zi-qi;ZHAO Xiao-qing;ZHANG Xiang-qian;WU Jian-hui;ZHANG Fan;LIU Dan;LU Zhan-yuan;REN Yong-feng(Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural&Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010030,China;Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science,Wuhan 430062,China;College of Life Sciences,Inner Mongolia University,Hohhot 010030,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农牧业科学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010030 [2]中国农业科学院油料作物研究所,湖北武汉430062 [3]内蒙古大学生命科学学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010030

出　　处：《草业学报》2024年第12期73-83,共11页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2019YFC0507602)资助。

摘　　要：探究不同施钾水平对北方风沙区油莎豆生长、生理生化、块茎品质及产量的影响,将为油莎豆科学施钾提供理论依据和技术支撑。采用盆栽试验,以中油莎1号为供试材料,设置0(K_(0))、0.15(K_(1))、0.30(K_(2))和0.45 g·kg^(-1)(K_(3))4个钾肥水平,对其生长、生理生化、块茎品质及产量进行了观测和分析。结果表明:与不施钾肥水平相比,施钾可以显著提高油莎豆株高、茎蘖数、单片叶面积、最大根长、根体积。在施钾量为0.15 g·kg^(-1)(K_(1))时,乙酰辅酶A羧化酶、可溶性淀粉合成酶活性达到最大值,同时促进了块茎淀粉、粗脂肪的积累达到最大值,分别为229.03 mg·g^(-1)、21.98%,但均与K_(2)水平无显著差异。在施钾量为0.30 g·kg^(-1)(K_(2))时,不饱和脂肪酸及总脂肪酸含量达到最大值,分别为16.53、20.07 g·100 g^(-1)。总糖含量在施钾量为0.45 g·kg^(-1)(K_(3))时达到最大值,为217.86 mg·g^(-1)。油莎豆整株干重和产量随着施钾量的增加均有所增加,且在施钾0.45 g·kg^(-1)(K_(3))水平下达到最大,但与K_(2)无显著差异。因此,综合油莎豆品质、产量及养分利用率,认为施钾量为0.30 g·kg^(-1)时,可促进北方风沙区油莎豆生长发育,提高其品质相关酶活性,促进品质形成,增加干物质积累及块茎产量。In this study,the effects of the potassium(K)fertilizer application rate on the growth,physiology,biochemical indexes,tuber quality,and yield of Cyperus esculentus were determined,with an overall aim to provide theoretical support for the optimization of K fertilization for C.esculentus growing in the Northern Wind-Sand Area.A pot experiment with the C.esculentus cultivar Zhongyousha 1 was conducted in which K fertilizer was applied at four different levels:0(K_(0)),0.15(K_(1)),0.30(K_(2))and 0.45 g·kg^(-1)(K_(3)).The growth,physiology,biochemical indexes,tuber quality,and yield were analyzed.The results showed that,compared with the control(K_(0)),all the treatments resulted in significantly increased values for plant height,tiller number,single leaf area,maximum root length,and root volume of C.esculentus.The highest activities of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and soluble starch synthas and the largest amount of starch and fat in tubers(229.03 mg·g^(-1)and 21.98%,respectively)were in the K_(1) treatment(K applied at 0.15 g·kg^(-1)),but the values of these parameters were not significantly different from their respective values in the K_(2) treatment.The highest contents of unsaturated fatty acids and total fatty acids in the tubers(16.53 and 20.07 g·100 g^(-1),respectively)were in the K_(2) treatment.The highest total in the tubers sugar content(217.86 mg·g^(-1))was in the K_(3) treatment.The whole plant dry weight and yield of C.esculentus increased as the potassium application rate increased,and showed the highest values in the K_(3) treatment,but these values were not significantly different from those in the K_(2) treatment.Based on the quality,yield,and nutrient utilization rate of C.esculentus,we concluded that a K fertilizer application rate of 0.30 g·kg^(-1)can enhance its growth and development in the Northern Wind-Sand Area,improve the activities of enzymes and other indexes related to quality,and increase dry matter accumulation and tuber yield.

关 键 词：油莎豆 钾肥 盆栽 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S565.9[农业科学—作物学]