疲劳状态下男子自由跤运动员的肌力衰减特征及训练启示  

Characteristics and Training Inspiration of Muscle Strength Attenuation in Male Freestyle Wrestlers under Fatigue State

作　　者：袁雷[1,2] 孙卓 俞大伟 YUAN Lei;SUN Zhuo;YU Dawei(Physical Education College,Jilin University,Changchun 130015,China;School of Philosophy and Sociology,Jilin University,Changchun 130015,China;School of Teacher Education(Physical Education),Taizhou University,Taizhou 317000,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学体育学院,吉林长春130012 [2]吉林大学哲学社会学院,吉林长春130012 [3]台州学院教师教育(体育)学院,浙江台州317000

出　　处：《体育学研究》2024年第5期79-95,共17页Journal of Sports Research

基　　金：国家体育总局奥运攻关项目(2016HT052)。

摘　　要：目的:对男子自由跤运动员在疲劳状态下的主要关节肌群进行动态肌力衰减诊断,提高力量训练的科学认识。方法:对男子自由跤运动员进行VO2max测试、WinGate无氧功率试验(产生疲劳)以及关节肌力测试。结果:①无论疲劳与否,运动员肩、肘及膝关节肌群均表现出右侧优于左侧,伸肌优于屈肌的特征;②疲劳状态下的肩、肘及膝关节肌群肌力指标表现出不同程度的衰减显著性,导致F/E、L/R明显降低,超出合理范围;③高VO2max组运动员的肌群肌力衰减指标、衰减幅度小于低VO2max组运动员;④高水平运动员的肌群肌力衰减指标、衰减幅度小于低水平运动员。启示:运动员在疲劳状态下应实施不同部位针对性训练,弥补运动员不同肌群在动态变化下的“薄弱力量”形式;重视身体肌群的对称性发展,提高运动员在高强度技术进攻时的“力量防守”能力;强化多因素关系规律下的“动态转换”模式,形成合理的有氧、无氧训练比例结构。This study intends to conduct dynamic diagnosis of muscle strength attenuation on the main joint muscle groups of male freestyle wrestlers under fatigue state,so as to improve the scientific understanding of strength training.By applying VO2 max test,WinGate anaerobic power test(to induce fatigue),and joint muscle strength test on male freestyle wrestlers,the research has found:①Regardless of fatigue,athletes'shoulder,elbow,and knee joint muscle groups showed that the right side outperformed the left,and the extensor muscle was better than the flexor muscle;②The muscle strength indicators of the shoulder,elbow,and knee joint muscle groups under fatigue state show significant attenuation to varying degrees,leading to a significant decrease in F/E and L/R,which exceeds the reasonable range;③The muscle strength attenuation index and amplitude of athletes in the high VO2max group are lower than those in the low VO2max group;④The muscle strength attenuation index and amplitude of high-level athletes are lower than those of low-level athletes.The current study therefore proposes that athletes should implement targeted training for different parts during fatigue to compensate for the“weak strength”of different muscle groups in dynamic changes,pay attention to the symmetrical development of body muscle groups and improve athletes’“strength defense”ability during high-intensity technical attacks,strengthen the“dynamic transformation”mode under the rule of multiple factor relationships,and form a reasonable proportion structure of aerobic and anaerobic training.

关 键 词：无氧功率 自由式摔跤 关节肌群 肌力衰减 力量训练 

分 类 号：G886.2[文化科学—体育训练]