低空监视技术及其发展趋势综述  

Review on Low‑Altitude Surveillance Technology and Its Development Trend

作　　者：汤新民 顾俊伟[2] 刘冰[1] 张康[2] TANG Xinmin;GU Junwei;LIU Bing;ZHANG Kang(Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Air Traffic System Technology and Equipment,Civil Aviation University of China,Tianjin 300300,China;College of Civil Aviation,Nanjing University of Aeronautics&Astronautics,Nanjing 211106,China)

机构地区：[1]中国民航大学天津市城市空中交通系统技术与装备重点实验室,天津300300 [2]南京航空航天大学民航学院,南京211106

出　　处：《南京航空航天大学学报》2024年第6期973-993,共21页Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(61773202,52072174);高端外国专家引进计划(G2023202003L)。

摘　　要：随着低空经济改革的不断推进,低空飞行器呈现高密度、异构性、自主性、有人/无人混合运行的新局面。低空监视作为低空运行安全的重要保障,可以保证飞行器低空安全高效运行。为解决当前低空监视手段不健全的问题,需要针对复杂的低空环境,构建涵盖有人/无人混合运行的低空无盲区监视技术体系。首先,从低空监视的概念及其发展趋势分析了当前低空监视存在的难点问题,包括机载设备重量体积功耗限制、信道资源紧张和飞行器差异性;其次,从协作监视技术和非协作监视技术两个角度出发,阐述了国内外关键监视技术现状,并对各技术手段的相关特性进行系统化的对比总结;最后,面向新一代低空监视的发展,探讨未来协作监视、非协作监视以及融合监视技术的发展方向,以期对未来低空飞行器安全运行有一定的指导意义。With the continuous reforms of low-altitude economy,the advancement of low-altitude aircraft are presenting a new landscape characterized by high density,heterogeneity,autonomy,and mixed manned/unmanned operations.Low-altitude surveillance,as an important safeguard for the safety of low-altitude operations,can ensure the safe and efficient operation of aircraft at low altitudes.To address current issues of inadequate low-altitude surveillance means,it is necessary to construct a low-altitude surveillance technology system with no blind spots,covering mixed manned/unmanned operations,based on the characteristics of the complex low-altitude environment.Firstly,current difficulties in low-altitude surveillance are analyzed from the perspectives of the concept of low-altitude surveillance and its development trends,including weight,size and power limitations of airborne equipment,tight channel resources,and significant differences among aircraft.Secondly,from the perspectives of the cooperative surveillance technology and the non-cooperative surveillance technology,the current status of key surveillance technologies worldwide is elaborated,and a systematic comparison and summary of the relevant characteristics of each technology are provided.Finally,facing the development of a new generation of low-altitude surveillance,the development directions of future cooperative surveillance,non-cooperative surveillance,and integrated surveillance technologies are discussed,with the expectation of providing certain guidance for the safe operation of low-altitude aircraft in the future.

关 键 词：低空监视技术 协作与非协作监视 城市空中交通 广播式自动相关监视 通感一体 

分 类 号：V19[航空宇航科学与技术—人机与环境工程]