考以成警:清末警政考试设计及其历史镜鉴  

Taking the Examination to Become a Police Officer:the Design of Police Administration Examination in the Late Qing Dynasty and Its Historical Reflections

作　　者：任从文 詹林[2] REN Congwen;ZHAN Lin(Nanjing Police University,Nanjing 210023,China;People’s Public Security University of China,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]南京警察学院,南京210023 [2]中国人民公安大学,北京100038

出　　处：《中国考试》2024年第12期102-109,共8页journal of China Examinations

基　　金：2019年度国家社会科学基金冷门“绝学”和国别史等研究专项“中共公安保卫文献资料整理与研究(1921—1949)”(19VJX022)。

摘　　要：清末新政中警政肇始,警察教育也随即发轫,警政类考试应运而生。根据应考对象的不同,当时警政人才的选拔与考评制度可分为警学堂招录与毕业考试、留学生选派与考核考试及警察招录与培训考试三类。警政考试的试题主题丰富、立意深远,整体呈现出鼓励开放思维、注重国际经验、重视综合素质及反映警察实务等特点。清末警政考试内容与形式对当前公安考题设计乃至教育考试改革仍启发颇多,公安教育应以史为鉴,着重把握政治性、实用性、开放性及基础性等方面的要求,对考生能力进行全面考查。During the late Qing Dynasty,the reform of police administration commenced,and police education simultaneously emerged.A police administration examination was established to select and evaluate police personnel.This selection and evaluation system can be categorized into three types based on the different candidates:police academy recruitment and graduation examination,international student selection and assessment examination,and police recruitment and training examination.The themes and objectives of the police administration examination were diverse and profound.They encouraged open-mindedness,emphasized international experience,valued comprehensive qualities,and reflected practical police work.The content and format of the police administration examination during the late Qing Dynasty continue to offer substantial insights for designing current public security examination questions and educational examination reform.Public security education should learn from history,particularly by focusing on the political,practical,transparent and fundamental aspects of training,while comprehensively assessing candidates’abilities.

关 键 词：考试文化 清末警察考试 科举改制 公安专业科目考试 

分 类 号：G405[文化科学—教育学原理]