早期现代人向东亚扩散北方路线的研究进展与展望  

Research progress and prospects on northern dispersal routes of early modern humans into East Asia

作　　者：李锋 LI Feng(Center for the Study of Chinese Archaeology,Peking University,Beijing 100871;School of Archaeology and Museology,Peking University,Beijing 100871;Key Laboratory of Archaeological Science,Ministry of Education,Peking University,Beijing 100871)

机构地区：[1]北京大学中国考古学研究中心,北京100871 [2]北京大学考古文博学院,北京100871 [3]北京大学考古科学教育部重点实验室,北京100871

出　　处：《人类学学报》2024年第6期951-966,共16页Acta Anthropologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发专项(2020YFC1521500);国家自然科学基金(42372010)。

摘　　要：现代人的起源和扩散是学界普遍关心的问题,古人类、古DNA、考古学证据皆表明现代人的起源与扩散是一个复杂过程,学者们提出了产生自非洲的现代人群体向东亚扩散的南方和北方路线,本文主要回顾早期现代人向东亚扩散北方路线的相关进展。现有的人类化石、年代、古DNA以及考古证据清晰地指示了距今5~4万年间,早期现代人曾沿着亚洲北部向东扩散。但不可否认,无论空间、还是时间,这一扩散路线仍有不少缺环。此外,旧石器时代晚期技术和古DNA的研究指示亚洲北方可能有着多次的人群和技术扩散过程,且很可能是双向的。在此背景下,重建中国北方旧石器时代晚期的文化序列是目前研究的重要任务,在精细的文化或者技术演化框架下,我们才能进一步揭示不同区域早期现代人的生存适应特点,并深入探讨不同区域早期现代人之间、早期现代人与古老型人群的互动关系。The origin and dispersal of modern humans is a common concern in the scholarly community.Hominin fossils,ancient DNA and archaeological evidence show that origin and dispersal of modern humans are complex processes,and a simple replacement hypothesis does not work.Scholars have proposed southern and northern dispersal routes of modern humans from Africa to East Asia,and this paper mainly reviews research progress of the northern dispersal route.Available hominin fossils,dates,ancient DNA,and archaeological evidence indicate that early modern humans spread eastward across northern Asia between 50 kaBP and 40 kaBP.Initial Upper Paleolithic(IUP)and Upper Paleolithic evidence has been used to support these northern dispersal route(s).An overland model from Levant to northeast Asia has been proposed,while a single origin of IUP has been challenged by the fact that the IUP appeared simultaneously in Levant and Siberian Altai.In East Asia,a multi-dispersal model has been put forward,and scholars suggested that early modern humans might have dispersed through various pathways such as Hexi corridor or steppe in Mongolia and Inner Mongolia.However,there are still many gaps in these routes,whether geographically or chronologically.Systematic investigation and excavations in central Asia and northwest China is the key to solving these problems.In addition to the earlier dispersal of modern humans,studies of Upper Paleolithic technology and ancient DNA suggest that there may have been multiple dispersal events of modern humans and technologies in northern Asia,probably in both directions.Studies at Zhoukoudian Upper Cave and the Tianyuan cave have demonstrated that early modern humans,unlike groups represented by IUP,bear many similarities with western Eurasia Upper Paleolithic hominins and culture.Scholars have hypothesized that the appearance of pressure microblade in different regions in northern Asia indicates an east-to-west diffusion of this technology in the late Upper Paleolithic.In consideration of the multi-stage co

关 键 词：现代人 扩散 北方路线 人群融合 

分 类 号：K871[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]