不同采收期对酥梨品质和通风库贮藏保鲜效果的影响  

Effects of Different Harvesting Periods on the Quality of Suli Pear and Fresh‑keeping Effect in Semi‑underground Ventilation Storeroom

作　　者：吴中营[1] 张四普[1] 崔巍[1] 郭超峰 鲁云风[3] 解远明 牛佳佳[1] WU Zhongying;ZHANG Sipu;CUI Wei;GUO Chaofeng;LU Yunfeng;XIE Yuanming;NIU Jiajia(Horticulture Research Institute of Henan Agricultural Science Academy,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Ningling County,Ningling 476700,China;College of Life Sciences and Agricultural Engineering,Nanyang Normal University,Nanyang 473061,China;Ningling Guoyuangong Food Co.,Ltd./Henan Pear Industry Deep Processing Engineering Technology Research Center,Ningling 476700,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院园艺研究所,河南郑州450002 [2]宁陵县农业农村局,河南宁陵476700 [3]南阳师范学院生命科学与农业工程学院,河南南阳473061 [4]宁陵果源贡食品有限公司/河南省酥梨产业深加工工程技术研究中心,河南宁陵476700

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2024年第11期164-172,共9页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：河南省大宗水果产业技术体系项目(HARS-22-09-G4)。

摘　　要：为确定酥梨适宜采收期,以金顶谢花酥梨为试材,设置5个采收期(盛花期后140、152、166、180、190 d,依次编号1—5),研究不同采收期果实半地下通风库贮藏期间果皮色泽、硬度、好果率、可溶性固形物(TSS)含量、可滴定酸(TA)含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量和多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性变化,监测贮藏期间半地下通风库内温湿度,并采用隶属函数法进行贮藏性评价。结果表明,随采收期延迟,果实硬度、TA含量降低,TSS含量先增加后降低,单果质量、L^(*)值、a^(*)值和b^(*)值上升。贮藏130 d,除采收期2外,其他采收期好果率均在80%以上。贮藏160 d时,采收期3的果实具有较好贮藏性能,好果率(80.6%)、L^(*)值(79.00)和TSS含量(11.53%)最高,PPO活性[21.4 U/(min·g)]最低,a^(*)值为7.38,b^(*)值为47.68,硬度为4.94 kg/cm^(2),TA含量为0.056%,MDA含量为12.81 mmol/g。利用隶属函数法计算得出5个采收期贮藏性相关指标的平均隶属函数值,其排序的结果为采收期3>采收期2>采收期1>采收期4>采收期5。因此,建议宁陵金顶谢花酥梨半地下通风库贮藏,适宜采收期为9月15日(采收期3),即盛花后166 d采摘入库,适宜贮藏期限是翌年2月中旬,在翌年3月初入库酥梨一定要完成出库销售。In order to determine the suitable harvesting date of Suli pear,Jindingxiehua Suli pear from Ningling County was taken as the raw material.The storage was carried out in semi‑underground ventilation storeroom after harvest in five periods(at 140,152,166,180,and 190 days after full flowering,respectively numbered 1—5).Color,hardness,marketable fruit rate,total soluble solid(TSS)content,titratable acid(TA)content,malondialdehyde(MDA)content and polyphenol oxidase(PPO)activity were test during storage.Meanwhile,temperature and humidity in the ventilation storeroom during storage were monitored.The storage property was evaluated by membership function method.The results showed that with the delay of harvest date,fruit hardness decreased,TSS content increased first and then decreased,TA content decreased,and single fruit weight,L^(*),a^(*)and b^(*)values increased.When stored for 130 days,the good fruit rate of the other harvesting periods was above 80%except for harvesting period 2.At 160 days of storage,harvest period 3 had best storage performance,with the highest values of marketable fruit rate(80.6%),L^(*)(79.00)and TSS content(11.53%).The PPO activity[21.4 U(/min·g)]was the lowest.The a^(*)value was 7.38,the b^(*)value was 47.68,the hardness was 4.94 kg/cm^(2),the TA content was 0.056%,and the MDA content was 12.81 mmol/g.The average membership value of the indicators related to storage property of the five periods was calculated,and then their storage property was ranked as harvest period 3>harvest period 2>harvest period 1>harvest period 4>harvest period 5.Therefore,it is recommended that for Ningling Jindingxiehua Suli pear with semi‑underground ventilation storeroom storage,the suitable harvest date is September 15,166 d after the flowering stage,and the suitable storage period is mid‑February of the next year,with early March of the next year to complete sales.

关 键 词：金顶谢花酥梨 采收期 半地下通风库 隶属函数法 贮藏性 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]