16世纪中西本草流变中的人与自然  

Man and Nature in the Transition of Chinese and Western Materia Medica Texts in the 16th Century

作　　者：杨莎 YANG Sha(Key Laboratory of Cultural Heritage and Digital Humanities of Shaanxi Province,Institute for Advanced Study in History of Science,Northwest University,Xi'an 710127,China)

机构地区：[1]西北大学科学史高等研究院,陕西省文化遗产数字人文重点实验室,西安710127

出　　处：《自然辩证法研究》2024年第11期34-40,共7页Studies in Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“中西本草学比较研究”(17CZX018)。

摘　　要：西方传统药物学著作在16世纪让位于只关注自然物、排除了种种人工制作物的草药志,这种变迁是西方12—13世纪以来人与自然二分、人与自然成为平行关系的结果。而在中国传统本草之书中,不仅一直包含了人工制作物,而且也包含了人之物,这意味着在传统中国,人一直被视为自然的一部分——尽管在16世纪,人及其制作物与其他万物的区分在本草书中开始浮现,但并未如西方一样,抵达人与自然二分、主客对立的地步。征象学说与法象药理的比较同样表明了这一点。中西自然观的这种对比也体现在各自的知识体系中:16世纪之前的西方人在描述自然时,大都如我国古人对博物的追求一样,包罗万象;只有到了近现代,西方才发展出完全以人之外的自然物为对象的博物学。In the 16th century,traditional Western materia medica writings gave way to herbals,which focused only on natural objects and excluded all kinds of artificially produced objects,a change that was the result of the dichotomy between man and nature,and the parallelism between man and nature that had been taking place in the West since the 12th and 13th centuries.As to the traditional Chinese materia medica writings,not only have they always included artificially produced objects,but also the products of human beings,which means that in traditional China,human beings have always been regarded as a part of nature—although in the 16th century,the distinction between human beings as well as artefacts and all other creations began to emerge in the materia medica books,it did not arrive at the point of dichotomy between human and nature as subject and object,as in the West.The comparison between the doctrine of signature and the theory of Faxiang pharmacology shows the same.This contrast between Chinese and Western views of nature is also reflected in their respective knowledge systems:Westerners before the 16th century were largely as all-encompassing in their descriptions of nature as Chinese ancients were in their pursuit of“bowu”;it was only in the modern era that the West developed natural history that was entirely devoted to natural objects other than human beings.

关 键 词：本草学 自然观 人与自然 博物学 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]