耐低温纤维素降解微生物的研究进展  

Research Progresses in Low-temperature Resistant Cellulose Degrading Microorganisms

作　　者：赵丹[1,2] 徐希媛 徐志辉 姚彦坡 褚海燕 ZHAO Dan;XU Xiyuan;XU Zhihui;YAO Yanpo;CHU Haiyan(Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 211135,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China;Agro-Environmental Protection Institute,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Tianjin 300191,China)

机构地区：[1]土壤与农业可持续发展重点实验室(中国科学院),南京211135 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,南京210095 [4]农业农村部环境保护科研监测所,天津300191

出　　处：《土壤》2024年第5期928-937,共10页Soils

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1500202);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)(XDA28020202)资助。

摘　　要：纤维素是世界上最丰富的多聚糖,具有极高的利用价值。在当前能源需求面临严峻形势的情况下,纤维素的降解转化发挥着重要作用。然而,纤维素复杂的结构成为其降解的一大阻碍,导致利用率很低。利用微生物的协同作用进行纤维素的降解是实现资源循环利用的有效途径,但在寒冷的地区,低温会大大限制微生物活性,从而严重影响纤维素的降解效率。本文对纤维素自身结构及生物降解机理进行概述,将纤维素降解及耐低温降解微生物进行归纳总结,并作出展望,为后续该类菌株的筛选、寒区纤维素的资源化利用与未来该领域的研究提供科学借鉴。Cellulose is the most abundant polysaccharide with extremely high utilization value in the world.The degradation and transformation of cellulose plays an important role in the current situation of severe energy demand.However the complex structure of cellulose has become a major obstacle to its degradation,resulting in a low utilization rate.The degradation of cellulose relying on the synergistic effect of microorganisms is an effective way to realize resource recycling.However in cold regions,low temperature greatly limits microbial activity,which can seriously affect the efficiency of cellulose degradation.This paper overviewed cellulose structure and biodegradation mechanism,summarized and prospected cellulose degradation and low-temperature resistant degradation microorganisms,which can provide scientific references for the screening of microorganism strains,the resource utilization of cellulose in cold regions and future research in this field.

关 键 词：纤维素 降解微生物 低温降解 生态环境 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]