《曹刿论战》“小信未孚”解——《左传》语词小札  

Explanation of“Little Faith Failed to Fu”in Cao Gui Lun Zhan——Words and Phrases in Zuo Zhuan

作　　者：魏伯河 Wei Bohe(Institute of Chinese Studies,Shandong College of Foreign Affairs Translation,Jinan 250031,China)

机构地区：[1]山东外事职业大学国学研究所,山东济南250031

出　　处：《齐鲁师范学院学报》2024年第6期56-61,共6页Journal of Qilu Normal University

摘　　要：《曹刿论战》中“小信未孚”一语,现有解读均不能令人信服。“孚”字虽有“信”义,但无关乎大小,因而将“孚”释为“大信”并无充分依据。只有将其与周初以来形成的民本思想联系起来,才能做出合理解释。与“小信”对应的“大信”以及与“小惠”对应的“大惠”,都是指顺应民心、施行德政,使人民得到长久、普遍的好处。另外,史家叙事常用详略互见之法,《曹刿论战》中省略的大量文字,在《季梁谏追楚师》中则有详细表述。两者对照阅读,可于“互文”中“见义”。The current interpretation of the phrase“Little Faith Failed to Fu”inCaoGuiLunZhan is not convincing.Although the character“Fu”has the meaning of“faith”,it doesn’t matter whether it’s important or not,so there is no sufficient basis to interpret“Fu”as“great faith”.Only by linking it with the people-oriented ideology formed since the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty can wefind a reasonable explanation.The“Great Faith”corresponding to“Little Faith”and“Great Grace”corresponding to“Little Grace”refer to the ideas of conforming to the people’s hearts and implementing moral governance,so that the people can obtain long-term and universal benefits.In addition,historians often use the detailed and brief comparison method.The large number of omitted words in CaoGuiLunZhan are detailed in JiLiangJianZhuiChuShi.By comparing and reading these two texts,their“intertextuality”can be observed.

关 键 词：小信未孚 《曹刿论战》 《左传》 民本思想 

分 类 号：H131[语言文字—汉语]