我国饮用水主要致嗅物及其控制策略  

Major odor-causing compounds and their control strategies in drinking water of China

作　　者：王春苗 苏命[1,2] 王齐 于建伟 杨敏[1,2] WANG Chunmiao;SU Ming;WANG Qi;YU Jianwei;YANG Min(National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detorication and Resource Recovery,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,工业废水无害化与资源化国家工程研究中心,北京100085 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《给水排水》2024年第11期32-39,共8页Water & Wastewater Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划青年科学家项目(2023YFC3210100);国家自然科学基金委员会青年科学基金项目(52100018);国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2015ZX07406001)。

摘　　要：现行《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2022)加强了对嗅味物质的关注,将2-甲基异莰醇(2-MIB)、土臭素(Geosmin)两种藻源致嗅物列为强制管控对象,并将二甲基二硫醚和二甲基三硫醚列入标准附录。人类对嗅味非常敏感,一些致嗅物含量达到10 ng/L水平时就会导致饮用水产生异味,而且水厂常规工艺对于多数致嗅物都无去除效果。新标准的实施给供水行业带来巨大挑战,供水企业亟需提升嗅味管控能力。“十一五”开始我国针对饮用水嗅味问题开展了系统的研究。研究结果表明,我国饮用水嗅味污染比较普遍,主要嗅味类型为由2-MIB主导的土霉味和由硫醚主导的腥臭味,局部还存在由环状缩醛类物质等主导的化学品味。不同致嗅物适用的控制技术也不同。系统总结了我国饮用水的嗅味特征与主要嗅味物质,并概括性地介绍了针对2-MIB的水源调控技术及针对不同致嗅物的水厂分类净化技术,旨在为供水行业应对饮用水嗅味问题提供参考和借鉴。The new version of Standards for drinking water quality(GB 5749-2022)has heightens focus on odorants,designating 2-methylisoborneol(2-MIB)and geosmin,two algal-origin odor-causing compounds,as mandatory controls.Dimethyl disulfide and dimethyl trisulfide are also listed in the standard′s appendix.Humans are highly sensitive to odors,with some odorants at just 10 ng/L causing unpleasant odor in drinking water.Additionally,conventional water treatment processes do not effectively remove most odorants.The new standards introduce substantial challenges for the water supply industry,necessitating urgent enhancements in odor control capabilities among water supply enterprises.Since the 11th Five-Year Plan,China embarked on systematic research into drinking water odor issues.The findings reveal widespread odor pollution in drinking water,characterized predominantly by earthy/musty odor from MIB and swampy/septic odor from thioethers,with localized occurrences of chemical odor attributed to cyclic acetals and other compounds.Various odorants require different control techniques.This paper comprehensively summarizes the odor characteristics and odor-causing compounds in drinking water of China,and succinctly outlines source control techniques for MIB and categorized control technologies in water treatment plants for various odorants,offering insights and guidance for the water supply industry to tackle drinking water odor challenges.

关 键 词：饮用水 嗅味 水源调控 水厂控制 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程] TU991[建筑科学—市政工程]