体育活动中自甘风险的构成及适用——基于《中华人民共和国民法典》第1176条的分析  

The Composition and Application of Assumed Risk in Sport Activities——Analysis Based on Article 1176 of the Civil Code of the People's Republic of China

作　　者：张俊友[1] ZHANG Junyou(School of Education Science,Shanxi University,Taiyuan Shanxi 030006)

机构地区：[1]山西大学教育科学学院,山西太原030006

出　　处：《成都体育学院学报》2024年第6期62-69,共8页Journal of Chengdu Sport University

摘　　要：体育活动是本土化自甘风险适用的典型领域。体育活动中自甘风险的确切含义蕴含在其整体结构及其各个构成部分之中。体育活动中自甘风险规则的构成包括适用范围、自甘风险行为的成立条件、法律效果三大部分。自甘风险是体育活动中的一项法定免责事由,它可以免除加害人的一般过失侵权责任。自甘风险也是一项独立的侵权抗辩事由,它排斥与被害人同意、与有过失、公平责任同时适用。在具体适用上,它可以作为行为规范,指导体育活动参加者的行为并引领体育活动精神;作为证据法上的抗辩事由,行为人可以用来积极抗辩;作为裁判依据,权威机构可以用来驳回受害人的赔偿请求。Sport activities are a typical field where assumed risk applied.The exact meaning of risk-assumption in physical activity is contained in its overall structure and its various components.The composition of the risk-assumption rule in sport activities includes three parts:the scope of application,the conditions for the establishment of risk-assumption behavior,and the legal effect.The assumption of risk is a statutory exemption in sports activities,which can exempt the ordinary neglectful tort liability of perpetrator.The assumption of risk is also an independent tort defense,which excludes the victim's consent,negligence,and fair responsibility.In terms of specific application,it can serve as a code of conduct,guiding the behavior of participants in physical activities and leading the spirit of physical activity.As a cause of defense in the law of evidence,which can be used by the perpetrator to actively defend.As a basis for adjudication,which can be used to dismiss the victim's claim for compensation by the authority.

关 键 词：体育活动 自甘风险 构成要件 正确适用 《中华人民共和国民法典》 

分 类 号：G80-05[文化科学—运动人体科学]