刑事诉讼结构中的“检察官司法”  

"Procuratorial Justice"in Criminal Procedure Structure

作　　者：张建伟[1] Zhang Jianwei

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院

出　　处：《比较法研究》2024年第6期85-101,共17页Journal of Comparative Law

摘　　要：“检察官司法”是对检察机关在刑事诉讼中现实存在的职能作用的一种概括,也是刑事诉讼结构性变化的外在表现之一。我国阶段论的诉讼结构具有非中心化的特征,对此展开的改革是确立“以审判为中心”的诉讼制度。近些年来,检察官的积极作为产生一定的影响力,也在悄然引发刑事诉讼结构性变化。检察机关得以进入侦查这一“卡夫卡城堡”,认罪认罚从宽制度中检察机关占据主导地位,在审前羁押刑事政策中检察官发挥特有的职能作用,以及某些特定犯罪案件中检察机关扮演积极角色等,共同构成了“检察官司法”的内涵。对于“检察官司法”现象,需要进行客观、公允的评价,这就需要全面认识检察机关在程序终结者、法律守护者之外的正当程序维护者、司法人权保障者的角色定位及其自我功能塑造。尽管有学者对于“检察官司法”存在疑虑,甚至提出质疑,但是,一个显在的事实不应忽视:发挥检察官在司法公正和司法人权保障方面更为积极的作用,不失为刑事司法制度良性发展的正确方向。"Procuratorial justice"serves as a term to describe the evolving functions and roles of procuratorial bodies within criminal proceedings,reflecting broader changes in litigation structure.China's decentralized litigation model is transitioning towards a more"trial-centered"system,with prosecutors taking on increasingly proactive roles.Recent years have seen prosecutors exerting influence and driving structural shifts in litigation practices.From conducting investigations alongside law enforcement to shaping plea leniency system and influencing pretrial detention policies,prosecutors are shaping what is termed as"procuratorial justice."This phenomenon demands a balanced assessment,acknowledging procuratorial bodies as defenders of due process and judicial rights,beyond their traditional procedural and legal guardianship roles.Although some may question the concept of"prosecutorial justice,"empowering prosecutors to play a more active role of prosecutors in safeguarding judicial fairness and human rights protection is crucial for the progressive development of the criminal justice system.

关 键 词：检察官司法 审判中心论 诉讼阶段论 诉讼总体结构 主导作用 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学] D926.3[政治法律—法学]