以商业消灭战争的法理迷思——启蒙思想中的战争权与商业神话  

The Myth of Eliminating War through Commerce:The Right to War and the Myth of Commerce in Enlightenment Thoughts

作　　者：王博 Wang Bo

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学杂志社

出　　处：《比较法研究》2024年第6期147-162,共16页Journal of Comparative Law

基　　金：中国社会科学院“青启计划”(项目编号:2024QQJH193)资助;2023年中国社会科学杂志社科研基金青年项目“欧洲启蒙时代的战争合法性与商业合法性理论研究”的研究成果。

摘　　要：和平一直是人类社会的美好愿望。时至18世纪,商业的加持使得这种梦想似乎不再遥不可及。以休谟和斯密为代表的苏格兰启蒙学派开始把商业纳入与战争一样的重大政治问题。虽然启蒙思想家对商业发展总体上持积极态度,但他们的理论分歧恰恰表征了某种法理上的迷思。以孟德斯鸠、康德、贡斯当为代表的乐观者认为,商业必然会取代战争,实质上是以贸易权反对战争权;以卢梭为代表的悲观者认为这只是一种梦幻,战争将永远存在,战争法不过是自欺欺人之物。此外,以沃尔夫和瓦泰尔为代表的“国际法”学者明确反对以商业贸易为理由发动战争权。在“贸易战”依旧上演的“后启蒙时代”,重新理解这些理论之间交锋和对话,对我们而言具有特殊的启发意义。Throughout history,the desire for peace has been a universal aspiration of human society.By the 18th century,the rise of commerce brought hope that this dream could become a reality.The Scottish Enlightenment thinkers,exemplified by Hume and Smith,began to integrate commerce alongside war into pivotal political discussions.Although Enlightenment thinkers generally viewed commerce development positively,their differing perspectives revealed certain legal misconceptions.Optimists like Montesquieu,Kant,and Constant believe that commerce would eventually supplant war,pitting the right to trade against the right to wage war.On the other hand,pessimists like Rousseau dismiss this notion as a mere fantasy,arguing that war is an inherent part of human nature and that the laws of war are merely illusions.Additionally,scholars of"international law"such as Wolff and Vattel explicitly opposed the right to wage war on the grounds of commercial trade.In the era of"post Enlightenment"where the"trade wars"are still playing out,it is crucial for us to be enlightened by revisiting and contemplating the debates and dialogues among these contrasting theories.

关 键 词：启蒙 商业 战争 战争权 战争法 

分 类 号：D995[政治法律—国际法学] F710[政治法律—法学]