海南岛主要河流物理生境健康评价方法及应用  

Evaluation Method and Application of River Physical Habitat Health in Hainan Island Rivers

作　　者：马字伟 穆晓东[1] 韩涛涛 许积层 陈博伟 Ziwei MA;Xiaodong MU;Taotao HAN;Jiceng XU;Bowei CHEN(Hainan Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Haikou 570100,China;Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science,Aerospace Information Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]海南省环境科学研究院,海南海口570100 [2]中国环境科学研究院,北京100012 [3]中国科学院空天信息创新研究院数字地球重点实验室,北京100094

出　　处：《遥感技术与应用》2024年第5期1085-1094,共10页Remote Sensing Technology and Application

基　　金：海南省重点流域生态安全调查评估项目“基于遥感云平台的海南热带雨林国家公园人类活动变化快速检测”(QNCX2021014)。

摘　　要：热带海岛是地球上生物多样性最丰富的地区之一,热带海岛河流相比大陆河流具有短小而多样的特点。开展热带海岛河流物理生境健康评价对于生物多样性保护、水资源管理和经济发展都具有重要意义。现阶段河流物理生境健康评价多基于监测点位、样方地面监测,无法兼顾代表性、便利性和安全性,并且费时费力,很难全面准确地反映河流物理生境状况。以海南岛南渡江流域、昌化江流域和万泉河流域三大流域主要河流为研究对象,基于遥感监测构建了海南岛河流物理生境健康评价指标体系,采用层次分析法和专家打分法确定指标权重和评价模型,开展了三大流域27条河流物理生境健康评价。结果显示:(1)南渡江流域、昌化江流域、万泉河流域均以森林和农田两类生态系统类型为主,三大流域以农田生态系统占比最大。(2)三大流域河流河岸带植被覆盖度整体上较高,达70%以上,以人工经济林为主;自然岸线率整体不高,均值为41.93%,河岸带范围受人类活动影响较大。(3)三大流域河流物理生境评价等级以亚健康状态为主,其次为不健康状态。本研究基于现阶段海南自由贸易港建设生态环境保护工作的重大需求,可为精准实施流域生态环境保护、治理工作提供数据支撑,为海南岛水生态考核等相关评价标准的阈值设定提供参考。Tropical islands are among the most biodiverse regions on Earth,with the rivers that are shorter and more diverse than continental rivers.It is crucial to assess the physical habitat health of tropical island rivers for biodiversity protection,water resources management and economic development.At present,the health of river physical habitat is mostly assessed using monitoring points and quadrats,which do not take into account representativeness,convenience,or safety.It is difficult to accurately and completely reflect the status of river physical habitat,and it is time-consuming and laborious.The physical habitat health evaluation index system of tropical island rivers was constructed applying remote sensing technique,with the major rivers in the Nandu River basin,Changhua River basin and Wanquan River Basin of Hainan Island serving as the research objects.The physical habitat health evaluation of 27 rivers in the three river basins was first and comprehensively assessed using hierarchical analysis and expert scoring methods.The results indicated that:(1)The Nandu River Basin,Changhua River Basin and Wanquan River Basin are mainly made up of forest and farmland ecosystems,with the farmland ecosystems accounting for the largest proportion in the entire basin.(2)The vegetation coverage in the riverbank zone of the entire watershed is generally high,reaching over 70%,and is primarily composed of artificial economic forests.The overall natural shoreline rate is low,with an average rate of 41.93%,and the human activities have a significant impact on the riparian zone.(3)The physical habitat evaluation of rivers in the three major basins predominantly falls into a sub-healthy state,followed by an unhealthy state.Based on the current state of ecological and environmental protection in Hainan,relevant research can provide data support for the accurate implementation of ecological protection and governance in the basin,as well as a reference for setting thresholds for relevant evaluation criteria such as water ecological

关 键 词：热带海岛 河流 物理生境 水生态 遥感监测 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X824