作为研究范式的道德历史人类学  

Ethical Historical Anthropology as a Research Paradigm

作　　者：周忠华 ZHOU Zhonghua(College of Marxism,Hunan University of Arts and Science,Changde 415000,Hunan China)

机构地区：[1]湖南文理学院马克思主义学院,湖南常德415000

出　　处：《吉首大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第6期27-34,共8页Journal of Jishou University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：湖南省社会科学基金重大学术与文化研究专项(21ZDAZ14)。

摘　　要：伴随历史人类学的“道德转向”,把人类学的实证分析方法和伦理学的价值分析方法结合起来对社会道德生活或伦理文化作历史化考察,已成为一种新的研究范式,即道德历史人类学。这种转向,在研究内容上表现为通过众多的历史化或历史性的资料,从“道德”维度对社会生活进行分析;在分析路径上表现为从个体到族群、从结构到过程;在研究方式上表现为在“史”与“志”的互证中分析社会道德生活或伦理文化传统。从学科属性来说,道德历史人类学凸显社会道德生活或伦理文化的历史向度,强调社会道德生活史或伦理文化史的文化解释及其多元特征,强调社会记忆与社会道德生活史或伦理文化史的互动。从叙事框架来说,道德历史人类学主要是围绕人、神、文、地、产、景、史等要素对人的道德性和道德的主体性、德性的陶冶与养成、德性呈现的空间以及德性的社会建构过程进行叙事。因其学科特点和独特的叙事,道德历史人类学作为一种新的研究范式,其价值主要体现在示范引领新文科跨学科发展,在规范伦理学与德性伦理学论争中实现超越,回应了以往忽略的时代问题。With the"ethical turn"in historical anthropology,combining empirical analytical methods of anthropology with value analysis methods of ethics to conduct a historical examination of social ethical life or ethical culture has become a new research paradigm,namely ethical historical anthropology.In the research content,this turn ismanifested by analyzing social life from an"ethical"dimension through a multitude of historical materials;in the analytical path,it is by moving from individuals to groups,from structures to processes;and in the research method,by analyzing social moral life or ethical cultural traditions through mutual corroboration of"history"and"ethos".In terms of academic attributes,ethical historical anthropology highlights the historical dimension of social ethical life or culture,emphasizing the cultural interpretation and pluralistic characteristics of the history of social moral life or ethical culture,and the interaction between social memory and the history of social ethical life or culture.In terms of narrative framework,ethical historical anthropology mainly narrates the ethical nature and subjectivity of human beings,the cultivation and development of virtues,the spatial presentation of virtues,and the social construction process of virtues around elements such as people,gods,culture,land,production,scenery,and history.Due to its academic characteristics and unique narrative,as a new research paradigm,the value of ethical historical anthropology is mainly reflected in its demonstration and guidance for the interdisciplinary development of new liberal arts,transcending the debate between normative ethics and virtue ethics,and responding to the neglected issues of the past.

关 键 词：历史人类学 道德历史人类学 社会道德生活 伦理文化 研究范式 学科属性 

分 类 号：C958[社会学—民族学]