统购统销背景下供销合作社对农村土特产的商品化开发--以湘西、湘南地区山苍子油产业开发为例  

Commercial Development of Rural Specialties by Supply and Marketing Cooperatives under the Condition of Planned Economy—Taking the Development of Shancangzi Oil Industry in Xiangxi and Xiangnan Regions as an Example

作　　者：宋俭 彭捷斐 SONG Jian;PENG Jiefei(School of Marxism,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430000,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学马克思主义学院,湖北武汉430000

出　　处：《吉首大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第6期124-134,共11页Journal of Jishou University(Social Sciences)

摘　　要：对主要农副产品实行统购统销,是新中国成立之初至改革开放初期国家为适应社会主义改造和大规模工业化建设需要而实行的一项重要政策,也是我国社会主义计划经济体制的重要组成部分。由于对重要物资的计划收购和销售,统购统销在客观上限制了地方农副土特产业的发展。各地供销合作社在国家政策允许范围内探索对统购统销计划外的三类物资采取商品化经营的方式,通过出售和出口,既为国家出口换汇作出了贡献,又在一定程度上改善了农民生活,也为社队企业的发展积累了物质基础、生产经验和市场关系。湖南省供销合作社在国家政策允许的范围内对湘西、湘南地区山苍子油商品化经营的探索不仅在计划经济时期将山苍子油开发成为湖南省出口创汇的重要特色商品,也为改革开放后进一步发展成为湖南省重要的乡村产业打下了良好的基础。研究统购统销背景下湖南省供销合作社探索山苍子油商品化经营的背景、动因和工作成效及其对改革开放初期乡镇企业发展的影响,对当前乡村产业振兴进程中农村集体经济的发展具有借鉴和启示作用。Implementing the state monopoly of purchase and marketing of major agricultural and sideline products is an important policy in our country from the beginning of the founding of New China to the early days of reform and opening up,which aims to meet the needs of socialist transformation and large-scale industrialization.It is also an important part of socialist planned economy in China.Due to the planned purchase and sale of important materials,the state monopoly of the purchase and marketing has objectively restricted the development of local agricultural,sideline and local specialty industries.Supply and marketing cooperatives in various places have explored commercial management for three types of materials outside the state monopoly of purchase and marketing within the permitted scope of national policies.Through sales and exports,they have not only contributed to the country's foreign exchange,but also improved farmers'lives to a certain extent,and have accumulated a material foundation,production experience and market relationships for social enterprises.The Hunan Province Supply and Marketing Cooperative's exploration of the commercial management oflitsea cubeba oil in western and southern Hunan within the scope permitted by national policies not only developed litsea cubeba oil into an important specialty commodity for Hunan Province's export to earn foreign exchange during the planned economy period,but also laid a good foundation for further development into an important rural industry in Hunan Province after reform and opening up.Studying the background,motivation and work effectiveness of the Hunan Province Supply and Marketing Cooperative in exploring the commercial management of litsea cubeba oil under the background of state monopoly of purchase and marketing and its impact on the development of township enterprises in the early stage of reform and opening up will have reference and inspiration for the development of rural collective economy in the current process of rural industrial revitalization

关 键 词：统购统销 湖南省供销合作社 山苍子油 农副土特产品 商品化开发 

分 类 号：F329[经济管理—产业经济]