无罪辩护视角下的《刑事诉讼法》再修改  

On the Re-revision to the Criminal Procedure Law of China from the Perspective of Not Guilty Defense

作　　者：胡铭[1] HU Ming

机构地区：[1]浙江大学光华法学院,浙江杭州310008

出　　处：《政治与法律》2024年第12期77-90,共14页Political Science and Law

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学重大专项“社会主义法治建设实践与中国自主法学知识体系建构研究”(项目编号:2023JZDZ012)的研究成果。

摘　　要：无罪辩护是刑事辩护制度中对控诉方最彻底的抗辩,而无罪判决是研究刑事辩护最重要的样本。从阶段论看,无罪辩护可以划分为侦查、审查起诉以及审判阶段的无罪辩护;从方法论看,无罪辩护可以划分为实体性、程序性以及证据性无罪辩护。数据显示,无罪辩护的效果正逐渐式微,这不仅表现为无罪辩护数量下降,而且表现为审前阶段撤案或不起诉和审判阶段无罪判决的成功率日渐降低,认罪认罚从宽制度的确立使得无罪辩护的空间更窄。有鉴于此,在《中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法》再修改的背景下,完善无罪辩护制度,应当回归有效辩护思维、扩大法律援助指定辩护的范围、明确辩护律师在侦查阶段的调查取证权和讯问在场权、废除如实回答义务、优化法官对无罪辩护的引导与反馈,进而提升无罪辩护质效,完善我国的刑事辩护制度。The not guilty defense is the most thorough defense to the prosecution in the criminal defense system,and the acquittal is the most important sample to study criminal defense.From the perspective of stages,the not guilty defense can be divided into that in the investigation stage,that in state of review for prosecution and that in the trial state.From the perspective of methodology,the not guilty defense can be divided into the that on the substantive basis,that on the procedural basis and that on the evidential basis.Data shows that the effect of not guilty defense is gradually declining,which is reflected not only in the decreased number of not guilty defense,but also in the gradually falling rate of success in achieving case withdrawal or non-prosecution at the pre-trial stage and acquittal at the trial stage,because the establishment of system on the leniency for guilty plea and punishment acceptance makes the space of not guilty defense narrower.In view of this,in the context of the re-revision to the Criminal Procedure Law of China,to improve the not guilty defense system,it is necessary to return to effective defense thinking,expand the scope of designated defense of legal aid,clarify the right of defense lawyers to conduct investigation and collect evidence and the right to be present during interrogation in the investigation stage,abolish the obligation to truthfully respond to interrogation,optimize the guidance and feedback given by judges to not guilty defense,and thus enhancing the quality and efficiency of not guilty defense and improving China's criminal defense system.

关 键 词：无罪判决 无罪辩护 刑事辩护制度 《刑事诉讼法》修改 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]