秦岭南坡不同森林类型兽类多样性差异初探  

A Preliminary Exploration of Mammal Diversity Differences among Three Different Forest Origin Types on the Southern Slope of the Qinling Mountains

作　　者：王静 杨东 韩建亮 张晓峰 王军岗 WANG Jing;YANG Dong;HAN Jian-liang;ZHANG Xiao-feng;WANG Jun-gang(Changqing National Nature Reserve,Hanzhong,Shaanxi 723000)

机构地区：[1]陕西长青国家级自然保护区管理局,陕西汉中723000

出　　处：《陕西林业科技》2024年第6期61-65,共5页Shaanxi Forest Science and Technology

摘　　要：2022-2023年,利用红外触发相机,对秦岭南坡海拔2600m左右原始林、次生林、人工林中兽类多样性差异进行调查研究。调查发现,红外相机总有效工作日2149日,共收集影像资料5351份,独立有效照片共597份,共记录到兽类17种,各区域羚牛和林麝拍摄率最高,且仅在次生林拍摄到了豹猫、花面狸、黄喉貂、黄鼬、猪獾;次生林的丰富度、多样性指数、均匀度指数最高,优势度指数最低,原始林和人工林的各项指数差异不大;原始林和人工林的相似性最大,原始林和次生林的相似性次之,次生林和人工林的相似性最小。本研究说明草本层和灌木丛较密,且无人为干扰的次生林兽类多样性比草本层和灌木丛稀疏的原始林和人工林要大,提示着在进行人工林构建、保育等工作时,应注重增加林下的植被多样性和进一步减少人为干扰,为动物群落提供丰富的食物资源和多样的栖息场所,从而促进森林生态系统的健康发展。From 2022 to 2023,a survey was conducted using infrared-triggered cameras to investigate the differences in mammal diversity among primary forests,secondary forests,and planted forests at an altitude of around 2600 m on the southern slope of the Qinling Mountains.The survey found that the total effective working days of the infrared cameras amounted to 2,149 days,with a total of 5351 image materials collected and 597 independent and valid photographs.A total of 17 species of mammals were recorded,with takin(goral)and forest musk deer having the highest capture rates in all regions.Additionally,leopard cats,masked palm civets,yellow-throated martens,Asian small-clawed otters,and hog badgers were only captured in secondary forests.The secondary forest exhibited the highest richness,diversity index,and evenness index,while its dominance index was the lowest.The indices for primary and planted forests showed little difference.The similarity between primary and planted forests was the greatest,followed by the similarity between primary and secondary forests,and the similarity between secondary and planted forests was the least.This study indicates that the mammal diversity in secondary forests,where the herbaceous layer and shrubbery are denser and where there is no human disturbance,is higher than that in primary and planted forests with sparser herbaceous layers and shrubbery.This indicates that during the establishment and conservation of planted forests,emphasis should be placed on increasing the vegetation diversity under the canopy and further reducing human disturbance to provide abundant food resources and diverse habitats for animal communities,thereby promoting the healthy development of forest ecosystems.

关 键 词：兽类多样性指数 相似性指数 原始林 次生林 人工林 

分 类 号：S723.132.1[农业科学—林木遗传育种] Q954[农业科学—林学]