两步法折光改正模型在测量机器人边坡监测中的应用  

A two-step refraction correction model for slope monitoring by measuring robots

作　　者：桑兴旭 肖维 杨松林 肖岚 SANG Xingxu;XIAO Wei;YANG Songlin;XIAO Lan(Hunan Wuling Power Technology Co.,Ltd.,Changsha 410004,China;Ganzhou Real Estate Registration Center,Ganzhou 341000,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南五凌电力科技有限公司,长沙410004 [2]赣州市不动产登记中心,赣州341000

出　　处：《时空信息学报》2024年第5期618-625,共8页JOURNAL OF SPATIO-TEMPORAL INFORMATION

基　　金：国家电力投资集团有限公司统筹研发经费支持项目(TC2020SD03)。

摘　　要：大气折光是影响测量机器人边坡监测精度的重要因素。测量机器人边坡监测中折光改正模型存在易引起气象代表性误差及未考虑点位空间位置关系的问题,因此,本文提出一种包括距离改正及坐标改正的两步法折光改正模型。在利用气象改正公式对距离观测值进行改正的基础上,联合监测点与校准基点之间的空间位置关系对监测点进一步进行坐标差分改正,削弱气象因素对角度观测值的影响,确保监测结果精度;并以某水电站大坝边坡监测数据为例,与气象改正、距离差分改正典型的折光改正方法,进行比较评价。结果表明:当采用两步法折光改正模型时,选用两个在空间位置上最邻近的校准基点参与坐标改正为宜;相对于典型的折光改正方法,本方法由于考虑了对受气象因素影响较大的竖直角的折光改正,因而在提升监测点Z方向的精度上具有优势。研究成果为在测量机器人边坡监测任务中选用合适的大气折光改正模型提供了技术参考。Ensuring the precision of robotic total stations in automated slope deformation monitoring is crucial for reliable results.Atmospheric refraction significantly affects this precision.Various refraction correction models aim to mitigate its impact,but common models often introduce meteorological representativeness errors or neglect the spatial position relationships of calibration points used for correction.This paper proposes a two-step refraction correction model comprising distance and coordinate corrections.Initially,meteorological data from the station point’s meteorological station is employed for the first correction step:meteorological adjustments are made to slope distance observations,and these corrected distances are used to compute monitoring point coordinates.Subsequently,a second step involves coordinate differential correction at each monitoring point to reduce the influence of meteorological factors on angular measurements.A specific number of calibration points is designated for this correction,adhering to the principle of proximity.Final corrected coordinates are obtained by selecting suitable calibration points for each monitoring point’s coordinate differential correction.Experimental analysis based on data from a slope monitoring project using a robotic total station investigates the effect of varying numbers of calibration points on the correction outcome.Results indicate that while increasing the number of calibration points improves the correction,beyond a certain point,additional calibration points do not significantly enhance precision.The correction effect depends not only on the quantity of calibration points but also on the correlation between their atmospheric refraction and that of the monitoring point.For practical verification,it is generally recommended to use the two nearest calibration points for coordinate differential correction.Comparative analysis with typical meteorological correction and distance differential correction methods reveals negligible differences in the mea

关 键 词：边坡监测 测量机器人 大气折光 折光改正 校准基点 差分模型 工程测量 

分 类 号：TU196.1[建筑科学—建筑理论]