下颌磨牙功能解剖特点及牙槽嵴保存术在下颌磨牙区应用的研究进展  

Progress in the study of functional and anatomical characteristics of mandibular molar teeth and the application of alveolar ridge preservation in mandibular molar region

作　　者：张浩筠 石宇彤 胡文杰[1] ZHANG Hao-yun;SHI Yu-tong;HU Wen-jie(Department of Periodontology,Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology&National Center of Stomatology&National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases&National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology&NHC Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry,Bejing 100081)

机构地区：[1]北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院牙周科,国家口腔医学中心,国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心,口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室,国家卫生健康委员会口腔医学计算机应用工程技术研究中心,北京102206 [2]北京大学国际医院口腔科

出　　处：《中国实用口腔科杂志》2024年第6期641-645,650,共6页Chinese Journal of Practical Stomatology

基　　金：首都卫生发展科研专项(首发2022-2-4103);首都临床特色应用研究基金(Z161100000516042)。

摘　　要：我国牙周疾病发病率高,牙周炎是成年人失牙的主要原因。种植治疗现已成为牙周炎失牙患者的重要修复手段。如何降低种植治疗难度、规避种植手术风险、减少生物学并发症是口腔医生关注的重点。因牙槽嵴保存术可有效减少拔牙后的牙槽骨吸收,为种植治疗创造良好条件,该技术逐渐成为临床研究热点。下颌磨牙与下颌管关系紧密,其缺失后选择种植治疗时应格外关注局部解剖结构,避免下牙槽血管神经损伤,而拔除罹患重度牙周病变的下颌磨牙自然愈合后常骨量不足,实现以修复为导向的种植治疗的难度与风险增加。因此,文章针对下颌磨牙,分析其功能与解剖特点、罹患牙周炎的特点、拔牙同期实施牙槽嵴保存术的临床效果和意义,以期为临床决策提供参考借鉴。The prevalence of periodontal disease is very high in China,and periodontitis is the main cause of tooth loss in adults.Implant treatment has now become an important prosthodontic choice for patients with tooth loss due to periodontitis.Dentists focus on avoiding the risk and reducing the difficulty and biological complications of dental implant treatment.Since alveolar ridge preservation effectively reduces alveolar bone resorption after tooth extraction and creates better conditions for implant treatment,this technique has gradually become a hot spot in clinical research.As mandibular molars are closely related to the mandibular canal,dentists should pay attention to the local anatomical structure during implant treatment to avoid damaging the inferior alveolar vessels and nerves.However,mandibular molars with severe periodontitis often have bone insufficiency after extraction,which makes prosthodontic-guided implant treatment more difficult and risky.Therefore,this review analyses the functional and anatomical characteristics of mandibular molars,the characteristics of periodontitis in mandibular molars,and the clinical effectiveness and significance of alveolar ridge preservation for mandibular molars,to provide a reference for clinical decision-making.

关 键 词：下颌 磨牙 牙槽嵴保存术 种植治疗 

分 类 号：R78[医药卫生—口腔医学]