自然灾害防治能力评估指标体系设计与方法比较研究  

Comparison on Design and Method of Evaluation Index System for the Natural Disaster Prevention and Control Capacity

作　　者：程晓亮 杨子儒 张云 周兴波 邵峥嵘 方建 CHENG Xiaoliang;YANG Ziru;ZHANG Yun;ZHOU Xingbo;SHAO Zhengrong;FANG Jian(Power China Beijing Engineering Corporation Limited,Beijing 100024,China;China Renewable Energy Engineering Institute,Beijing 100120,China;National Center for Flood Control and Drought Relief Technology Research,Beijing 100120,China;College of Marxism,Wuhan University of Communication,Wuhan 430205,China;College of Urban and Environmental Sciences,Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079,China)

机构地区：[1]中国电建集团北京勘测设计研究院有限公司,北京100024 [2]水电水利规划设计总院,北京100120 [3]国家防汛抗旱技术研究中心,北京100120 [4]武汉传媒学院马克思主义学院,湖北武汉430205 [5]华中师范大学城市与环境科学学院,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《防灾科技学院学报》2024年第4期23-34,共12页Journal of Institute of Disaster Prevention

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(42077441)。

摘　　要：在系统梳理自然灾害防治能力概念内涵、灾害防治理念和国内外相关研究的基础上,提出自然灾害防治能力评估技术体系。针对不同的应用场景与需求,分别构建了定性和定量化评估指标体系,涵盖灾害监测预警、灾害风险防范、灾害应急处置与救助救援等多个维度指标。通过案例应用,开展了定性与定量化评估的比较分析。结果表明,评估指标体系体现了灾前-灾中-灾后多要素、多过程及多部门、多主体的综合特征,突出强调短期的减灾成效和长期的能力提升,可适用于常态化、业务化的评估,为自然灾害防治能力提升提供了重要支撑。On the basis of the systematic analysis of the concepts,natural disaster prevention strategies and relevant researches of the natural disaster prevention and control capacity,we put forward a evaluation index system for the natural disaster prevention and control capacity.In response to different application scenarios and needs,the qualitative and quantitative evaluation index systems of the natural disaster prevention and control capacity are constructed respectively,covering multiple dimensional indicators such as disaster monitoring and warning,disaster risk prevention,emergency management,disaster relief and rescue.In addition,a comparative analysis of the qualitative and quantitative evaluation system is carried out through case study.The evaluation index system in this study,which reflects the comprehensive characteristics of multi-element,multiprocess,multi-institution and multi-subject of pre-disaster and post-disaster management,and highlights both the short-term effectiveness of disaster reduction and long-term improvement of disaster prevention capacity,can be applied to normalized and operational assessment and thus provide important support for the improvement of natural disaster prevention and control capabilities.

关 键 词：灾害防治 能力评估 指标体系 综合风险管理 定性与定量评估 

分 类 号：X43[环境科学与工程—灾害防治]