藏传佛教律仪的中国化诠释  

Adapting Vinaya Interpretation in Tibetan Buddhism to the Chinese Context

作　　者：尕藏加洋 旦知肖 Gazang Jiayang;Dan Zhixiao(Sichuan Li Bai Culture Research Center,Mianyang Normal University,Mianyang,621000,Sichuan,China;School of Philosophy,Southwest Minzu University,Chengdu,610041,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]绵阳师范学院四川李白文化研究中心,四川绵阳621006 [2]西南民族大学哲学学院,四川成都610041

出　　处：《民族学刊》2024年第7期118-127,158,共11页Journal of Ethnology

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“多民族融合视域下藏族朝圣内地佛教圣地相关藏文文献整理与研究”(19CMZ011)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：佛教戒律作为佛法之本、修行之基础,其传译和本土化实践体现了佛教中国化的直观特征。吐蕃时期设立的僧相制度和养僧制度,标志着前弘期吐蕃佛教的本土化现象。中原禅宗和尚在吐蕃的传法授戒,对藏传佛教戒律实践产生了深远影响,推动了后弘期一些宗派的思想与修行方式的发展。后弘期的律仪传承受到分裂割据时期政权的影响,出现了上部巴拉律统、下部喇钦律统和中部喀且班钦律统等不同律仪系统,这些系统之间既存在联系又互不认可的问题。在萨迦派掌权时期,教权与政权的相对统一,开启了萨迦班智达等佛学家开始反思藏传佛教内部戒律松散的现状,从而进行了戒律经典的本土化阐释,以驳斥某些宗派对戒律的忽视,开创了佛教律学本土化阐释的先河,强调戒律作为修行基础的重要性。宗喀巴创立格鲁派后,强调“以戒为师”和“以律治教”的重要性,要求寺僧在行为上清净持戒的同时,学修上提倡律学本土化阐释的理念,并制定了详细的寺规,形成了独特的藏传佛教律仪制度。这不仅为佛教在青藏高原的进一步中国化提供了学理支持,也在铸牢中华民族共同体意识研究方面具有重要意义。The advancement of adapting Tibetan Buddhism to the Chinese context aims to direct Tibetan Buddhism into compliance with the evolving contemporary Chinese society and integrate it into the country's fine traditional culture.Buddhist precepts,which have been serving as the foundation of the Dharma and spiritual practice,reflecting a documented and dynamic adaptation of Buddhism to the Chinese context through processes of translation and localization.In fact,since its introduction to Xizang,Tibetan Buddhism has continually explored ways and methods to align with regional cultures and customs while adhering to its Four Fundamental Precepts.This effort has resulted in the formation of a distinct disciplinary system with local characteristics.Drawing on the historical transmission of Buddhist precepts in Tibetan regions,this study analyzes the process of their adaptation to the local realities and the broader Chinese context.To illustrate,during the Tubo period,the translation of the Mūlasarvāstivāda Vinaya exemplified this dual commitment to local adaptation and strict adherence to the South Asian tradition.An example during the early transmission period would be the evolution of the single Khenpo system(to guide a monastic community)into the monk prime minister structure and monk supportive system,reflecting a localization of early Tubo Buddhism.Additionally,results also argue that the influence of Zen monks from the Central Plains on Tubo had a profound impact on the practice of precepts in Tibetan Buddhism,shaping the thoughts and practices of some branches during the later dissemination period.Furthermore,this article examines the later phases of Tibetan Buddhism's dissemination,revealing that the Vinaya traditions not only maintained the Mūlasarvāstivāda lineage from the early period but—due to the influence of fragmented political regimes—also diversified into three different Vinaya traditions—Upper Barawa,Lower Lakshina,and Middle Karchen Vinaya—each interrelated yet marked by conflicts over line

关 键 词：佛教中国化 藏传佛教 戒律 本土化 

分 类 号：C957[社会学—民族学]